Nerves

Question 1

efferent

Answer 1

motor

Question 2

afferent

Answer 2

sensory

Question 3

are motor nerves susceptible to local anesthetics

Answer 3

no, block pain but not movement

Question 4

cervical plexus location

Answer 4

located in the posterior triangle of the neck, halfway up the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and within the prevertebral layer of cervical fascia

Question 5

what is the cervical plexus formed by

Answer 5

anterior rami divisions of cervical spine nerves C1-C4

Question 6

a block in the innerscalene grove could potential block which nerve

Answer 6

phrenic nerve leading to hemi-diapraghmatic paralysis

Question 7

what is the stellate ganglion a collection of

Answer 7

sympathetic nerves found anterior to the neck of the first rib

Question 8

where do the somatic branches from the stellate ganglion provide sympathetic fibers to

Answer 8

anterior rami of C7, C8, T1

Question 9

visceral branches of the stellate ganglion include what

Answer 9

The visceral branches include the inferior cardiac nerve; this is the contribution of this ganglion to the cardiac plexus in the thorax.

Question 10

why block the stellate ganglion?

Answer 10

Question 11

The brachial plexus is a nerve network that supplies the _______. _______ forms it.

Answer 11

upper extremity; C5-T1

Question 12

the palpable space behind the lateral head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and adjacent to the C6 lateral tubercle is also known as

Answer 12

Chaissaignac’s tubercle

Question 13

horner’s syndrome is the result of what

Answer 13

blocking the stellate ganglion while placing a innerscalene block

Question 14

signs of horner’s syndrome

Answer 14

partial ptsosis (drooping or falling of eye lid, miosis (constricted pupil), facial anhidrosis (absence of sweating)

Question 15

is Horner syndrome result of paralysis of the ipsilateral sympathetic cervical chain

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

The brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibers that supply skin and musculature of the __________. It begins in the root of the neck, passes through the ________, and runs through the entire ________

Answer 16

upper limb; axilla; upper extremity

Question 17

what is the brachial plexus formed by the

Answer 17

anterior rami of C5, C6, C7, and C8 and T1

Question 18

what is the brachial plexus divided into (5 parts)

Answer 18

roots, trunks, division, cords, and branches
(Read That Damn Cadaver Book)

Question 19

spinal roots, sensory and motor functions for the axillary nerve

Answer 19

Spinal Roots = C5 and C6

Sensory Functions = rises to the upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm, which innervates the skin over the lower deltoid.

Motor Functions = innervates the teres minor and deltoid muscles

Question 20

spinal roots, sensory and motor functions for the musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 20

Nerve Roots: C5-C7

Motor Functions: muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm (coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and the brachialis).

Sensory Functions: lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, which innervates the lateral aspect of the forearm

Question 21

spinal roots, sensory and motor functions for the median nerve

Answer 21

Nerve Roots: C6-T1

Motor Functions: innervates the flexor and pronator muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm (except the flexor carpi ulnaris and part of the flexor digitorum profundus, innervated by theulnar nerve). It also supplies innervation to the thenar muscles and lateral two lumbrical in hand.

Sensory Functions: Gives rise to the palmar cutaneous branch, which innervates the lateral aspect of the palm, and the digital cutaneous branch, which innervates the lateral three and a half fingers on the anterior (palmar) surface of the hand.

Question 22

spinal roots, sensory and motor functions of the radial nerve

Answer 22

spinal roots– C5-T1.

Sensory– Innervates most of the skin of the posterior forearm, the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the hand, and the dorsal surface of the lateral three and a half digits.

Motor–Innervates the triceps brachii and the extensor muscles in the forearm.

Question 23

spinal roots, sensory and motor functions of the ulnar nerve

Answer 23

Spinal roots:C8-T1.

Motor functions:
Two muscles of the anterior forearm – flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
Intrinsic muscles of thehand(apart from the thenar muscles and two lateral lumbricals)

Sensory functions:Medial one and half fingers and the associated palm area.

Question 24

Innervation of the hand

Answer 24

Question 25

Lumbar plexus

Answer 25

The anterior rami of the L1-L4 spinal roots divides into several cords. These cords then combine to form the six major peripheral nerves of the lumbar plexus. These nerves then descend down the posterior abdominal wall to reach the lower limb, where they innervate their target structures. I, I Get Leftovers On Fridays. Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal, Genitofemoral, Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, Obturator and Femoral.

Question 26

Iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 26

The iliohypogastric nerve is the first major branch of the lumbar plexus. It runs to the iliac crest, across the quadratus lumborum muscle of the posterior abdominal wall. It then perforates the transversus abdominis, and divides into its terminal branches.

Question 27

spinal roots, sensory and motor function of iliohypogastric

Answer 27

Roots: L1 (with contributions from T12). Motor Functions: Innervates the internal oblique and transversus abdominis. Sensory Functions: Innervates the posterolateral gluteal skin in the pubic region.  (Tip: an easy way to remember that the IlioHypogastric comes before the IlioInguinal is that H comes before I in the alphabet!)

Question 28

ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 28

The ilioinguinal nerve follows the same anatomical course as the larger iliohypogastric nerve. After innervating the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, it passes through the superficial inguinal ring to innervate the skin of the genitalia and middle thigh. Roots: L1. Motor Functions: Innervates the internal oblique and transversus abdominis. Sensory Functions: Innervates the skin on the superior anteromedial thigh. In males, it also supplies the skin over the root of the penis and anterior scrotum. In females, it supplies the skin over mons pubis and labia majora.

Question 29

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve

Answer 29

This nerve has a purely sensory function. It enters the thigh at the lateral aspect of the inguinal ligament, providing cutaneous innervation to the skin. Roots: L2, L3 Motor Functions: None. Sensory Functions: Innervates the anterior and lateral thigh down to the level of the knee.

Question 30

Obturator Nerve

Answer 30

Roots: L2, L3, L4. Motor Functions: Innervates the muscles of the medial thigh – the obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus and gracilis. Sensory Functions: Innervates the skin over the medial thigh.

Question 31

Femoral nerve

Answer 31

Roots: L2, L3, L4. Motor Functions: Innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh – the illiacus, pectineus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris. Sensory Functions: Innervates the skin on the anterior thigh and the medial leg.

Question 32

Sacral Plexus

Answer 32

The sacral plexus is a network of nerve fibers that supplies the skin and muscles of the pelvis and lower limb. It is located on the surface of the posterior pelvic wall, anterior to the piriformis muscle. The plexus is formed by the anterior rami (divisions) of the sacral spinal nerves S1, S2, S3 and S4. It also receives contributions from the lumbar spinal nerves L4 and L5.

Question 33

Sciatic Nerve

Answer 33

The sciatic nerve is a major nerve of the lower limb. It is a thick flat band, approximately 2cm wide – the largest nerve in the body. Nerve roots: L4-S3. Motor functions: Innervates the muscles of the posterior thigh (biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus) and the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus (remaining portion of which is supplied by the obturator nerve). Indirectly innervates (via its terminal branches) all the muscles of the leg and foot. Sensory functions: No direct sensory functions. Indirectly innervates (via its terminal branches) the skin of the lateral leg, heel, and both the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the foot.