Nerves

Question 1

Nerve Hierarchy

Answer 1

Organ - nerve
Bundles - fascicles
Cells - fibers

Question 2

Nerve coverings

Answer 2

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium

Question 3

Plexus of Cervical Spine

Answer 3

Cervical and Brachial

Question 4

Phrenic Nerve

Answer 4

Diaphragm for Breathing

C3, C4, C5

Question 5

Brachial Plexus

Answer 5

C5-8; T1
Axillary
Musculocutaneus
Radial
Median
Ulnar

Question 6

Axillary n. Roots and innervation

Answer 6

C5, C6

Shoulder/Armpit

Question 7

Musculocutaneus

Answer 7

C5, C6, C7

Biceps

Question 8

Radial n. Roots and innervations

Answer 8

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Thumb side - Extensors

Question 9

Median n. Roots and innervations

Answer 9

C5 - T1

Flexors

Question 10

Ulnar n. Roots and innervations

Answer 10

C8, T1

Pinky side

Question 11

Thoracic

Answer 11

T1-T12

Question 12

Lumbasaccral plexus

Answer 12

Lumbar: L1 - L4

Sacral (L4, L5, S1 - S4)

Question 13

Femoral n. Roots and innervations

Answer 13

L2, L3, L4

Quadriceps

Question 14

Obturator n. Roots and innervations

Answer 14

L2, L3, L4

Adductors

Question 15

Gluteal n. Roots and innervations

Answer 15

L4, L5, S1, S2

Butt

Question 16

Sciatic n. Roots and innervations

Answer 16

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Back of leg and lower leg

Question 17

Pudendal n. Roots and innervations

Answer 17

S2, S3, S4

Crotch

Question 18

Spinal Tracts (Descending)

Answer 18

Motor Tracts

1. Cortico-spinal
2. Vestibulo-spinal

Question 19

Spinal Tracts

Ascending

Answer 19

Sensory tract

1. Dorsal columns
2. Spino/cerebelar
3. Spino/thalamic

Question 20

Cortico-spinal: type of motion

Answer 20

Voluntary motion

Question 21

Vestibulo-spinal:

Type of motion

Answer 21

Involuntary balance motion

Question 22

Dorsal columns:

Type of senses

Answer 22

Touch, pressure, sensations

Question 23

Spino/cerebelar

Answer 23

Balance input

Question 24

Spinothalamic:

What does it sense?

Answer 24

Pain and temperature

Question 25

Reflex Arc (1-5)

Answer 25

1. Sensor 2. Afferent neuron 3. Integration Center 4. Efferent neuron 5. Muscle

Question 26

Interneuron location

Answer 26

In spinal cord between sensory and motor neuron

Question 27

Interneuron job

Answer 27

Spinal splitter - allow you to talk other muscles

Question 28

Up and Down Regulation of Neurotransmitter

Answer 28

Down regulate EPSP (stimulants) - less number of receptors for every use of EPSP

Question 29

Biogenic Amino Neurotransmitters

Answer 29

Norepinephrine Dopamine Serotonin

Question 30

Norepinephrine: Function and Location

Answer 30

EPSP/IPSP | CNS/PNS

Question 31

Dopamine: Function and Location

Answer 31

EPSP/IPSP | CNS/PNS

Question 32

Serotonin: function and location

Answer 32

IPSP | CNS/PNS

Question 33

Amino Acid - Neurotransmitters

Answer 33

GABA Glycine Glutamate Aspartate

Question 34

GABA - function and location

Answer 34

IPSP | CNS

Question 35

Glycine: function and location

Answer 35

IPSP | CNS

Question 36

Glutamate

Answer 36

EPSP | CNS

Question 37

Aspartate

Answer 37

EPSP in CNS

Question 38

Neuropeptides - Neurotransmitters

Answer 38

Substance P | Endorphins

Question 39

Substance P - Function and Location

Answer 39

EPSP | CNS/PNS

Question 40

Endorphins - function and location

Answer 40

IPSP | CNS

Question 41

What are the steps for how the action potential moves down the axon

Answer 41

1. Neuron at “RMP” (-70mV) 2. Stimulus occurs 3. Some of the Na+ channels open 4. Na+ enters neuron 5. If enough Na+ enters, reaches “Threshold” (-55mV) 6. Begin an Action Potential - “Impulse” 7. Open more Na+ channels (voltage-gated Na+ channel) 8. Lots of Na+ rushes into neuron 9. Inside of neuron becomes positive (DEPOLARIZE) 10. Additional Na+ open downstream toward axon 11. After Depolarization = close Na+ channels 12. Open K+ channel 13. K+ rushes out of neuron (REPOLARIZE) 14. Close K+ channels 15. Na+/K+ Pump w/ ATP: pumping until return to RMP