Nervous System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS Components

A

Brain and Spinal Cord; “President”

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Components

A

Cranial Nerves, Spinal Nerves, Ganglia; “Workers”

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3
Q

Ganglion

A

Group of neuron cell bodies located outside CNS

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4
Q

Sensory Division

A

Receives information FROM body and transmits it TO the CNS for processing

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5
Q

Somatic Sensory Component

A

Receives sensory information from skin, joints, muscle, and special senses (Vision, Hearing, Balance)

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6
Q

Visceral Sensory Component

A

Receives sensory information from blood vessels and viscera (Organs)

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7
Q

Motor Division

A

Transmits information FROM the CNS TO muscles and glands

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8
Q

Somatic Motor Component

A

Innervates Skeletal System; “Voluntary”

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9
Q

Autonomic Motor Component

A

Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of viscera (organs)

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10
Q

Neurons

A

Respond to stimuli and conduct nerve impulses. Primarily Amniotic, not undergoing cell division

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11
Q

Glial Cells

A

Support and Protect Neurons, Numerous more of these and divide by Mitosis.

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12
Q

Cell Body Function

A

Is the neurons “Control Center” or “Head”

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13
Q

Nucleus Function

A

Contains Nucleolus , while also containing nucleolus for protein synthesis

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14
Q

Chromatophilic Substances (Nissl Bodies) Function: Rough ER

A

Look like dark clumps within Cytoplasm

Responsible for Protein Synthesis

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15
Q

Dendrites Function

A

Short Nerve Cell Processes. Receives input and send nerve impulses to cell. Neuron can have one or many dendrites

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16
Q

Axon Function

A

Long Nerve Cell Process: Sends the Output

17
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

One Axon with Many Dendrites
Most Common
Example; Motor Neurons, Interneurons

18
Q

Bipolar Neuron

A

Two Processes: One Axon and One Dendrite
Limited In Location (Rare)
Example: Retina of Eye, Olfactory Neurons in Nose

19
Q

Unipolar Neuron

A

Common
Single Process comes off of the cell body and divides into two branches. One process attaches to Cell Body, the other to Axon.
Example: Sensory Neurons of PNS, Rare

20
Q

Sensory Neurons Functions

A

Brings Information TO the CNS

Example: Unipolar and Bipolar Neurons

21
Q

Motor Neurons Functions

A

Takes information FROM CNS to other parts of the body

Example: All are Multipolar Form

22
Q

Interneuron Function

A

Helps coordinate and integrate information between sensory and motor neurons.
Example: CNS, the ‘translator/mediator’. Multipolar in form

23
Q

Satellite Cells

A

Surround neuron cell bodies in spinal ganglia
Protect Cell Bodies; Regulate nutrient exchange and waste removal.
Located in PNS

24
Q

Neurolemmocytes

A

Myelinate axons in PNS

25
Myelination
Myelin is a protective covering around axon; insulates axon and helps produce faster nerve impulses. Can also regenerate damaged PNS axons
26
Astrocytes
Regulate transfer of material from blood to the brain - helps the workings of "blood-brain barrier" Helps make blood vessels less leaky and keeps harmful substances away from the brain. Chemotherapy can't pass this barrier. Dopamine can't pass barrier but L-Dope can. So can cocaine.
27
Astrocytes Disease
Parkinson Disease. It is caused by a decrease of neurotransmitter called Dopamine
28
Oligodendrocytes
Myelinate axons in CNS
29
Microglia
Phagocytize damaged neurons | Replicate when there is CNS damage and need to clean up
30
Ependymal Cells
Line central canal and ventricles - Help circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
31
Myelination (2)
Dendrites are not myelinated. Only axons larger than two micrometers are myelinated as well.
32
Myelination Procedure in PNS (1)
Neurolemmocyte wraps around a 1 mm portion of an axon successively
33
Myelination Procedure in PNS (2)
Cytoplasm and nucleus of neurolemmocyte gets "squeezed" to the outside
34
Myelination Procedure in PNS (3)
Inner successive layers of cell membrane make up the myelin sheath
35
Neuolemmocytes Seperation
Separated by neurofibril nodes. These are gaps between two adjacent neurolemmocytes. Unmyelinated axons located here.
36
Oligodenrocytes in CNS
Myelinated 1mm portions of many axons