Nervous System

Question 1

Function of nervous system

Answer 1

The function of the nervous system is to detect impulses from the senses; control center of the body

Question 2

Major organs of nervous system

Answer 2

Brain,Spinal Cord,Senses,Nerves

Question 3

Difference between neurons and neuroglia

Answer 3

Neurons and neuroglia are highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses. Neuroglia are supporting cells that provide physical sport, remove debris, and provide electrical insulation.

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

Receive de nerve impulses from the seses or another neuron

Question 5

Soma

Answer 5

Body of the neuron that holds the nucleus

Question 6

Schwann cells

Answer 6

Main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system

Question 7

Node of ranvier

Answer 7

Impulses jump from node to node, which increase speed of impulse

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

Insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Passageway for nerve impulses after cell body; end in axon terminal

Question 10

Axon Terminal

Answer 10

The button-like endings of axons through which axons make contact with other nerve cells.

Question 11

Csf (cerebrospinal fluid)

Answer 11

The cerebrospinal fluid protects the brain by preventing the it from contacting the skull.

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

Largest part of brain
Divided into 2 hemispheres
Controls conscious activities

Question 13

Frontal lobe

Answer 13

Voluntary movements (walking),Reasoning & decision-making,Memory,Ability to predict consequences of actions,Planning,Verbal communication

Question 14

Parietal lobe

Answer 14

Controls:Sensations,Visual-spatial processing,Body position

Question 15

Occipital lobe

Answer 15

Controls: Visual processing- vision & memory of objects

Question 16

Temporal lobe

Answer 16

Controls: Memory,Comprehension & pronunciation of words,Sensations of smell and sound,Emotional association of memories.

Question 17

Thalamus

Answer 17

2 bulb-shaped halves in the center of the brain

Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

Question 18

Hypothalamus

Answer 18

Controls hormones released by pituitary gland (often called the “master endocrine gland”)
Responsible for autonomic processes (body temperature, hunger, sleep, thirst, blood volume, etc)

Question 19

Brainstem

Answer 19

Located between the cerebrum and spinal cord.

Question 20

Brainstem (Midbrain)

Answer 20

Also known as mesencephalon,Relays info to cerebrum

Controls body movements and postures

Question 21

Brainstem (Pons)

Answer 21

The Bridge!,Almost completely made of white matter that links cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Carries info from one side of brain to the other (why its called the bridge)
Central control of breathing.

Question 22

Brainstem (Medulla Oblongata)

Answer 22

Transmits impulses between spinal cord and the brain

Controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing. Located above the spinal cord

Question 23

Cerebellum

Answer 23

Second largest part of brain,Near back of skull,Responsible for coordinating the movements directed by the cerebrum so that they are graceful and efficient,All involuntary movements,Aids in “muscle memory”

Question 24

Spinal cord

Answer 24

Extends from the medulla oblongata,31 pairs of spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord, connecting to all parts of the body,Relays impulses from the PNS to the brain.

Question 25

Hair follicle receptor

Answer 25

Touch

Question 26

Ruffini's corpuscle

Answer 26

Tousch and pressure

Question 27

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 27

Pressure

Question 28

Merkel's disck

Answer 28

Touch

Question 29

Free nerve ending

Answer 29

Pain and temperature

Question 30

Papillae

Answer 30

The tongue is filled with bumps called papillae. Many of these papillae contain taste buds, which contain chemoreceptors.

Question 31

Malleus(Hamer)

Answer 31

The malleus functions with the other bones to transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

Question 32

Incus (Anvil)

Answer 32

The incus transmits vibrations from the malleus to the stapes.

Question 33

Stapes (stirrup)

Answer 33

Is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other animals which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear.

Question 34

Cochlea

Answer 34

Is shaped like a snail and is divided into two chambers by a membrane.

Question 35

Cornea

Answer 35

Is made of thick, transparent tissue | Function: allows light into the eye

Question 36

Pupil

Answer 36

Pupil is the opening in the center of the iris | Function: muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye

Question 37

Iris

Answer 37

The iris is located behind the cornea. It is the colored part of the eye. Function: works with pupil to regulate light entering the eye

Question 38

Retina

Answer 38

Located in the back of the eye, contains thousands of photoreceptors. There are two kinds of photoreceptors

Question 39

Lens

Answer 39

is a semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards the retina. It is controlled by ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments.

Question 40

Farsighted vs Nearsighted

Answer 40

A nearsighted person sees near objects clearly, while objects in the distance are blurred. Farsightedness is the result of the visual image being focused behind the retina rather than directly on it.