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Adriana Briseno > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Two types of skeleton

A

Axial

Appendicular

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2
Q

How many bones in axial

A

80 bones

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3
Q

Main bones of Axial

A

Head and trunk of vertebrate

Skull, vertebrate, rib cage, and sternum

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4
Q

How many bones in Appendicular

A

126 bones

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5
Q

Main bines of Appendicular

A

Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles

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6
Q

Total bones in human body

A

206 bones

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7
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. Suport and protection
    2.Body movement
    3 and 4. Produce Blood Cells and Storage of Minerals and Fats
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8
Q

Suport and protection

A

The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are the gross functions—those visible by observation.

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9
Q

Body movement

A

Bones also facilitate movement by serving as points of attachment for your muscles

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10
Q

The clasifications of bones

A 
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
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11
Q

Epiphysis

A

Are named according to their location (end)

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12
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft

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13
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage, padding

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane that covers entire bone

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15
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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16
Q

Functions of red

A

blood

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17
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A

fat

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18
Q

Compact bone tissue

A

wall of the diaphysis

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19
Q

Spongy Bone Tissue

A

cancellous, epiphysis (red marrow)

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20
Q

Flexion/extension

A

For example, bending the elbow, or clenching a hand into a fist, are examples of flexion. Extension is the opposite of flexion.

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21
Q

Adduction/Abduction/Circumduction

A

Adduction:Moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body
Abduction:Brings the limb toward the body or across the midline
Circumduction:Movement of a body region in a circular manner

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22
Q

Rotation

A

Medial:Movement that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body
Lateral:Rotation of the limb so that the anterior surface moves away from the midline

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23
Q

Supination/pronotation

A

Pronation: is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position.
Supination: is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position.

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24
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are movements at the ankle joint, which is a hinge joint.

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25
Inversion/Eversion
Inversion is the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline. Eversion turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.
26
Protraction/Retraction
Protraction of the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward. Retraction with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column.
27
Depression/Elevation
Downward and upward movements of the scapula or mandible.
28
Opposition/Reposition
Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. Reposition when returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger.
29
Pivot
Uniaxial/Allows rational movement, | Example: Proximal radioulnar joint
30
Hinge
Uniaxial/allows flexion/extension movements | Example:knee,ankle, interphalangeal joints for toes
31
Condyloid
Biaxial/ allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction movements Example:Metacarpophalangeal, fingers;radiocarpal, toes
32
Saddle
Biaxial/allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction movements Example: First carpometacarpal joint of the thumb,sternoclavicular
33
Plane
Multiaxial/allows inversion/eversion of foot, flexion/extension/lateral of the vertebral column Example:Intertarsal/ superior/inferior articular process articulations between vertebrae.
34
Ball-and socket
Multiaxial/allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction,circumduction,medial/lateral rotation movements.
35
How many bones are in the cranium
22 bones
36
What is the only movable bone in your skull?
Mandible
37
What are the five vertebrae region?
``` Servical vertebrae Thorasic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacral vertebrae Small coccygeal verytebrae ```
38
How many vertebrae are in cervical?
Seven
39
How many vertebrae are in thoracic?
12
40
How many vertebrae are in lumbar?
Five
41
Scoliosis
Is an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column. When present, scoliosis tends to get worse during adolescent growth spurts
42
Kyphosis
is an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region causes weakening and erosion of the anterior portions of the upper thoracic vertebrae, resulting in their gradual collapse
43
Lordosis
Is an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy
44
What does the thorasic cage protect?
The heart and lungs
45
Costal cartilage
It consists of the 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum
46
Three types of ribs, and how many of each?
True ribs 1-7 False ribs 8-12 Floating ribs 11-12 (vertebral ribs)
47
Main bones of the pectoral girdle
Scapula | Clavicle
48
Humerus
The arm bone between your shoulder and your elbow. There are two types of humerus fractures based on the location of the break(s)
49
Radius
A line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface
50
Ulna
The bone spans from the elbow to the wrist on the medial side of the forearm when in anatomical position
51
Carpals
connects the hand to the forearm
52
Metacarpals
Flat at the back of the hand and bowed on the palmar side; they form a longitudinal arch that accommodates the muscles, tendons, and nerves of the palm.
53
Phalanges
The thumb has a proximal and distal phalanx, while the rest of the digits have proximal, middle and distal phalanges.
54
Femur
The head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the hip, being held in place by a ligament within the socket and by strong surrounding ligaments.
55
Tibia
Lateral/Medial Condyle
56
Fibula
Lateral/Medial Malleolus
57
Tarsals
Are located toward the back of the foot and in the heel
58
Metatarsals
There are five metatarsal bones, numbered one to five from the hallux to the small toe.
59
Transverse
occurs straight across the long axis of the bone.
60
Oblique
Occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees
61
Spiral
Bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion
62
Comminuted
Several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments
63
Impacted
One fragment is driving into the other, usually as a result of compression
64
Greenstik
A partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken
65
Open ( or compound)
A fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin; carries a high risk of infection.
66
Closed (or simple)
A fracture in which the skin remains intact.

Adriana Briseno (9 decks)

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