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ANAPHY > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Nerve impulse

A

Action potential

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2
Q

Nerve fibers that secrete norepinephrine

A

Adrenergic fibers

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3
Q

Sensory nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system

A

Afferent neuron

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4
Q

Receptors to norepinephrine that generally produce an

excitatory response

A

Alpha-adrenergic receptors

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5
Q

Subdivision of the nervous system responsible for

regulating activities that maintain homeostasis; also called visceral motor system

A

Autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

Fiber extending from a neuron’s cell body that conducts impulses

A

Axon

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7
Q

Receptors to norepinephrine that generally produce an

inhibitory response

A

Beta-adrenergic receptors:

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8
Q

Stem-like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres to the
spinal cord; consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

A

Brainstem

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9
Q

Portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal
cord

A

Central nervous system

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10
Q

Portion of the brain responsible for coordination of voluntary movement and
balance

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

The surface of the cerebrum consisting of a thin layer of gray matter

A

Cerebral cortex

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12
Q

Clear, colorless fluid that fills the brain’s ventricles and central canal
and also bathes the outside of the brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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13
Q
  • Largest portion of the brain
A

Cerebrum

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14
Q

Nerve fibers that secrete acetylcholine

A

Cholinergic fibers

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15
Q

Nerves of the peripheral nervous system that arise directly from the brain
(instead of from the spinal cord)

A

Cranial nerves

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16
Q

A specific area of the skin innervated by a spinal nerve

A

Dermatome

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17
Q

Motor nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system

A

Efferent neuron

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18
Q

Small space between the outer covering of the spinal cord and the vertebrae

A

Epidural space

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19
Q

Portion of the cerebrum responsible for decision making, reasoning,
memory, and voluntary movements

A

Frontal lobe

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20
Q

Nervous tissue containing mostly cell bodies of motor neurons and interneurons

A

Gray matter

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21
Q

The bottom half of the diencephalon of the brain, which is responsible for
many vital body functions

A

Hypothalamus

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22
Q

Complex set of structures in the brain responsible for emotion and learning

A

Limbic system

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23
Q

Attaches brain to spinal cord; contains centers that govern heart rate,
blood pressure, and breathing

A

Medulla oblongata

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24
Q

Layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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25
Q

Nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers

A

Mixed nerve

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26
Q

Receptors to acetylcholine on target cells that exhibit a variable
response

A

Muscarinic receptors

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27
Q
  • Fatty sheath encasing the axons of many neurons; formed by Schwann cells in
    the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system
A

Myelin

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28
Q

A bundle of neurons that transmits impulses between the brain and spinal cord and
the rest of the body

A

Nerve

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29
Q

Cells in the nervous system that support neurons but do not conduct impulses

A

Neuroglia

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30
Q

Nervous system cells that conduct impulses

A

Neurons

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31
Q

Receptors to acetylcholine on target cells that produce an excitatory
response

A

Nicotinic receptors

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32
Q

Portion of the cerebrum responsible for analyzing and interpreting visual
information

A

Occipital lobe

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33
Q
  • Division of the autonomic nervous system that primarily has a
    calming effect; also called craniosacral division
A

Parasympathetic division

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34
Q

Portion of the cerebrum concerned with bodily sensations and

proprioception

A

Parietal lobe

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35
Q

Portion of the nervous system consisting of the network of

nerves throughout the body

A

Peripheral nervous system

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36
Q

A network of nerves

A

Plexus

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37
Q

The electrical state of a cell membrane that has an excess of positive ions
on one side of the membrane and an excess of negative ions on the other

A

Polarization

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38
Q

A neural circuit that bypasses regions of the brain where conscious decisions
are made

A

Reflex arc

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39
Q

Reflex involving contraction of a skeletal muscle after being stimulated by
a somatic motor neuron

A

Somatic reflex

40
Q

Division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for “fight or
flight” response; also called thoracolumbar division

A

Sympathetic division

41
Q

Space between the junction of two neurons in a neural pathway

A

Synapse

42
Q

Portion of the brain responsible for hearing, smell, and visual recognition

A

Temporal lobe

43
Q

Bundles of axons in the spinal cord that serve as routes of communication to and
from the brain

A

Tracts

44
Q

Reflex of the autonomic nervous system affecting organs

A

Visceral reflexes

45
Q

Nervous tissue containing bundles of axons that carry impulses from one
part of the nervous system to another

A

White matter

46
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

47
Q

PNS

A

all all neurons outside CNS

48
Q

Neuron Structures

A

Dendrite
Cell body
Axon

49
Q

receives
stimulus from other
neurons or sensory
receptors

A

Dendrite

50
Q

processes
stimulus; contains a
nucleus

A

Cell body

51
Q

transmits
stimulus to a gland,
muscle, organ, or
other neuron

A

Axon

52
Q

Types of Neurons

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Psudo-Unipolar

53
Q

many dendrites and a single axon

A

Multipolar

54
Q

many dendrites and a single axon

A

Bipolar

55
Q

one axon and no dendrites

A

Pseudo-Unipolar

56
Q

Supporting cells for neurons

A

Glial Cell

57
Q

Types of Neuroglia

A 
Astrocytes
Ependymal 
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
58
Q

fatty, proctective wrapping around axons

A

myelin sheaths

59
Q

always open (K+)

A

leak ion channels

60
Q

closed until opened by specific signal (Na+)

A

gated ion channels

61
Q

where an axon attaches to a muscle, gland, organ, or other neuron involved with release of neurotransmitters

A

the synapse

62
Q

involuntary response to a stimulus

A

reflexes

63
Q

extends from foramen magnum to 2nd lumbar vertebra

A

spinal cord

64
Q

center of spinal cord

A

gray matter

65
Q

outside of spina cord

A

white matter

66
Q

arise along spinal cord from union of dorsal roots and ventral roots

A

spinal nerves

67
Q

spinal nerves C1-4

A

Cervical Plexus

68
Q

Originates from spinal nerves C5-T1

A

Brachial Plexus

69
Q

Originates from spinal nerves L1 to S4

A

Lumbosacral Plexus

70
Q

protective wrapping around brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

71
Q

superficial, thickest layer

A

dura mater

72
Q

2nd layer

A

arachnoid mater

73
Q

3rd layer, surface of brain

A

pia mater

74
Q

infection of meninges (bacterial or viral)

A

meningitis

75
Q

in vertebral column between dura and vertebra

A

epidural space

76
Q

in subarachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid can be removed or anesthetic inject : numbs spinal nerves

A

spinal block and spinal tab

77
Q

cavities in CNS that contains fluid

A

ventricles

78
Q

fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord, provides a protective cushion around the CNS

A

cerebrospinal fluid

79
Q

Major parts of the brain

A

brainstem
cerebellum
diencephalon
cerebrum

80
Q

regulates cyclical motor function, respiration, walking, chewing, arousing and maintaining consciousness, regulates sleep-wake cycle

A

brainstem

81
Q

regulates heart rate, blood vessel
diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting,
hiccupping, coughing, sneezing, balance

A

Medulla Oblangata

82
Q

breathing, chewing, salivation, swallowing

A

Pons

83
Q

coordinated eye movement, pupil

diameter, turning head toward noise

A

Midbrain

84
Q

controls balance, muscle tone, coordination of fine

motor movement

A

Cerebellum

85
Q

Located between the brainstem and cerebrum

A

Diencephalon

86
Q

emotional and visceral response to odors

A

Thalamus

87
Q

controls homeostasis, body temp,

thirst, hunger, fear, rage, sexual emotions

A

Hypothalamus

88
Q

largest portion of brain

A

Cerebrum

89
Q

controls thinking, communicating,
remembering, understanding, and initiates
involuntary movements

A

Cerebral Cortex

90
Q

controls right side of body

responsible for math, analytic, and speech

A

Left hemisphere

91
Q

controls left side of body

responsible for music, art, abstract ideas

A

Right hemisphere

92
Q

connection between 2 hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

93
Q

Lobes of the Brain

A

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe

94
Q

controls voluntary motor functions, aggression, moods,

smell

A

Frontal Lobe

95
Q

evaluates sensory input such as touch, pain, pressure,

temperature, taste

A

Parietal Lobe

96
Q

hearing, smell, memory

A

Temporal Lobe

97
Q

vision

A

Occipital Lobe

ANAPHY (9 decks)

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