The Tissues and integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
Gives rise to epidermis and nervous system
A
Ectoderm
2
Q
Produces mucous membrane of respiratory
tract, thyroid gland, secretory parts of pancreas
A
Endoderm
3
Q
Gives rise to connective and muscle tissue
A
Mesoderm
4
Q
Cells are specialized for particular functions
A
Body Tissues
5
Q
group of cells with similar structure and function
A
Tissues
6
Q
FOUR PRIMARY TYPES
A
- Epithelium
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
7
Q
TO FOUND IN
o body coverings
o body linings
o Glandular tissues
A
Epithelial Tissue
8
Q
TO FUNCTION AS Protection Absorption Filtration Secretion
A
Epithelial Tissue
9
Q
Epithelial cells may assume one of the three
basic shapes:
A
squamous, cuboidal, or columnar
10
Q
it appear as single or multiple
layers.
A
Epithelia
11
Q
Consists of a single layer of flat, scale-like cells
A
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
12
Q
Consists of a single layer of cube-like cells
A
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
13
Q
Consists of a single layer of tall cells
A
SIMPLE COLUMNAR
14
Q
Consists of a single layer of irregularly
shaped columnar cells
A
PSEUDOSTATIFIED
15
Q
protection as it forms a thick
layer of epithelium
A
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
16
Q
two layers of cuboidal cells
A
STATIFIED CUBOIDAL
17
Q
surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape
A
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR
18
Q
found mainly in ducts of
large glands
A
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL AND COLUMNAR
19
Q
Multiple cell layers
A
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
20
Q
GRANDULAR EPITHELIUM
A
-ENDOCRINE
GLAND
-EXOCRINE GLANDS
21
Q
o ductless
o secrete hormones
A
ENDOCRINE
GLAND
22
Q
o ducts to surface
o oil and sweat
A
EXOCRINE GLANDS
23
Q
TO FOUND IN
o Everywhere
A
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
24
Q
TO FUNCTION AS
- Binds tissue together
- Supports the body
- Provides protection
A
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
25
made up of non-living
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
26
TWO MAIN ELEMENTS OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
GROUND SUBSTANCE
| FIBERS
27
mostly water along with adhesion and polysaccharide molecules
GROUND SUBSTANCE
28
produces by cells
FIBERS
29
THREE TYPES OF FIBERS
o Collagen fibers
o Elastic fibers
o Reticular fibers
30
Loose packing, support, and
nourishment for the structures
with which it is associated
AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
31
Packing material, thermal
| insulator, energy storage, and protection of organs against injury from being bumped or jarred
ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
32
consists of adipocytes, or fat cells. They reduces heat loss and provide great amount of energy reserve, support and protection.
Adipose tissue
33
Provides a superstructure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
34
Withstand great pulling
| forces exerted in the direction of fiber orientation due to great tensile strength and stretch resistance
DENSE REGULAR COLLAGENOUS
35
more fibers, less ground substance
Dense
36
fewer fibers, more ground substance
Loose
37
Capable of stretching and
| recoiling like a rubber band with strength in the direction of fiber orientation
DENSE REGULAR ELASTIC
38
semisolid matrix
Cartilage
39
Allows growth of long
bones; provides rigidity with some flexibility in the trachea, bronchi, ribs, and nose; forms strong, smooth, yet somewhat flexible articulating surfaces; forms the embryonic skeleton
HYALINE CARTILAGE
40
consists differentiated fibroblasts and collagen fibers.
FIBROCARTILAGE
41
Somewhat flexible and
| capable of withstanding considerable pressure; connects structure subjected to great pressure
FIBROCARTILAGE
42
solid matrix
BONE
43
Provides great strength and support
and protects internal organs, such as brain; bones also provides attachment sites for muscles and ligaments; the joints of bones allow movements
BONE
44
FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE
BLOOD
45
Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste products, and other substances; protects the body from infection and is involved in temperature regulation
BLOOD
46
Hemopoietic Tissue
o Red marrow
| o Yellow marrow
47
composed of elongated muscle cells called muscle fibers.
Muscular tissue
48
There are three types of muscular tissue
Skeletal Muscles, Cardiac Muscles and Smooth muscles.
49
Movement of the body; under voluntary control
SKELETAL TISSUE
50
Pumps the blood; under involuntary
| (unconscious) control
CARDIAC MUSCLE
51
Regulates the size of organs. forces fluid through tubes, controls the amount of light entering the eye, and produces “goose bumps” in the skin; under involuntary (unconscious) control
SMOOTH MUSCLE
52
transmits impulses to coordinate activities including involuntary controls because these specialized cells makes up the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
NERVOUS TISSUE
53
transmit information in the form of action potentials, store information, and integrate and evaluate data; neuroglia support, protect, and form specialized sheaths around axons
NERVOUS TISSUE
54
The skin is a multilayered organ that consists of two main parts:
Epidermis and Dermis
55
made from keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, is the superficial, thinner portion of the skin that prevents water loss and resists abrasion.
Epidermis
56
is the deeper, thicker and dense connective tissue portion.
Dermis
57
FIVE LAYERS
```
STRATUM BASALE
STRATUM SPINOSUM
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
STRATUM LUCIDUM
STRATUM CORNEUM
```
58
is the deepest layer that consists of either columnar or cuboidal cells aligned in single row.
STRATUM BASALE
59
This layer provides strength and flexibility to the skin. Cells in the more superficial portions of this layer are beginning to flatten.
STRATUM SPINOSUM
60
this layer is the presence of the protein keratin and membrane- enclosed lamellar granules.
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
61
This layer is found only in the areas of the body (thick skin) where exposure to friction is greatest (for example, fingertips, palms, soles).
STRATUM LUCIDUM
62
The interior of the cells contains mostly keratin that aids in its natural strength. Its multiple layers of dead squamous cells filled with keratin help to protect deeper layers from injury and microbial invasion.
STRATUM CORNEUM
63
also called as the stratum germinatum
STRATUM BASALE
64
8 to 10 layers of many-sided
| keratinocytes that t closely together.
STRATUM SPINOSUM
65
3 to 5 layers of flattened
| keratinocytes that are undergoing apoptosis.
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
66
4–6 layers of flattened clear, dead
| keratinocytes that contain large amounts of keratin.
STRATUM LUCIDUM
67
25 to 30 layers of flattened dead cells
| from the deeper strata.
STRATUM CORNEUM
68
composed of dense collagenous
| connective tissue containing fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages.
DERMIS
69
is caused by pigments such as melanin, hemoglobin and carotene.
Skin color
70
plays responsible for its pale yellow to reddish brown to black shade.
melanin
71
A deficiency of oxygen in circulating
| blood
Cyanosis
72
Impaired liver function (such as from hepatitis or liver disease) that allows bile to accumulate, which stains the skin
Jaundice
73
A deficiency of hormones from the adrenal gland, such as occurs with Addison disease
Bronzing
74
A genetic lack of melanin
Albinism
75
Increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels close to the skin’s surface; may result from heat, exercise, sunburn, or emotions such as embarrassment or anger
Erythema
76
Blue tint
Cyanosis
77
Yellow discoloration of skin and the whites of the eyes
Jaundice
78
A golden brown skin color
Bronzing
79
Extremely pale skin, white hair, and pink eyes
Albinism
80
Abnormal redness
Erythema
81
Decreased blood flow, such as occurs from c temperatures, fear or emotional stress, low blood pressure, or blood loss
Pallor
82
The breakdown of clotted blood under the skin
Bruise (hematoma)
83
Pale Skin
Pallor
84
Bluish, black or yellowish mark on the skin
Bruise
85
protects the skin and other structures of the body.
Hair
86
plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized cells of the epidermis.
Nails
87
s stratum corneum that extends onto the nail body.
The cuticle, or eponychium
88
The average growth of fingernails
1 mm (0.04 inch) per week.
89
produce secretions that perform a variety of functions.
Glands
90
two major glands located in the skin
sebaceous and sweat glands
91
TWO MAJOR PARTS OF GLANDS
SWEAT GLANDS
| SEBACEOUS GLANDS
92
TWO TYPES OF SWEAT GLANDS
Eccrine Glands
| Apocrine Glands
93
produces a transparent, watery fluid called sweat that contains small amount of potassium, ammonia, lactic acid, uric acid and other wastes.
Eccrine Glands
94
is limited to the axillary and pubic regions and produces a thicker sweat often released during emotional stress.
Apocrine Glands
95
lies in the dermis and open
into hair follicles or directly onto the skin. It secretes sebum as an oily substance that contains lipids and cellular debris.
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
96
plays an important role in the protection of the ear canal against physical damage and microbial invasion.
Cerumen
97
the skin of the
human external auditory canal are modified apocrine glands, which, together with sebaceous glands, produce the cerumen, the ear wax.
ceruminous glands
