nervous system Flashcards by Clyden Jaile

the way your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors affect your life

Mental Health

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Feeling of emotional or physical tension

Stress

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Can come from any event or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or nervous

Stress

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Two types of stress

Eustress and Distress

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Positive Stress

Eustress

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Motivates the individual to keep on working and reach the goal

Eustress

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Negative Stress

Distress

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gives harmful implications to the individual such as anxiety and depression
Discourages the individual to be productive

Distress

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strong stresses that suddenly occur and may simultaneously affect many people

Cataclysmic events

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Examples of cataclysmic events

Natural disasters, Terrorist attacks, ship/plane crash, and bombings

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positive or negative conditions, events, or anything that causes stress to an individual. Stress occurs when the individual is experiencing frustration, pressure, or conflict

Personal Stressors

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Marrying, Death of a loved one, getting a new job, job loss, starting and ending class, transferring

Personal Stressors

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(daily hassles) displeasures that could be encountered every day

Background Stressors

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traffic, noise, pollution, dissatisfaction with school or job, unhappy relationship

Background Stressors

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Common disorders caused by stress

Depression
Eating Disorders
→ Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa
Anxiety
→ SAD- Separation Anxiety Disorder
→ GAD- General Anxiety Disorder
→ Social Phobia
→ OCD - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder causes repeated unwanted thoughts or sensations (obsessions) or the urge to do something over and over again (compulsions).
→ Panic Disorder
→ PTSD - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

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A serious clash or struggles/ disagreement/ argument/ incompatibility

Conflict

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Double Approach

happy, both positive

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Double Avoidance

both negative

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Approach Avoidance

Positive and Negative

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Feeling of being upset or annoyed, especially because of inability to change or achieve something

Frustration

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anxiety; satisfying impulse (aggression) with a substitute object (venting out anger on someone)

Displacement

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mature defense mechanism; satisfying impulse with a substitute object in a socially acceptable way. (boxing, exercise)

Sublimation

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suppressing unwanted thoughts and information from consciousness (forgetting trauma)

Repression

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immature; using previous developmental behaviors when faced with overwhelming stress. (Sucking thumb when pressured, being childish)

Regression

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deal with stress through dedication

Altruism

anticipate possible events

Anticipation

deal with stress by being ironic

Humor

maladaptive impulses (acceptable behavior)

Sublimation

avoid thinking about stressors

Suppression

turn to others for support

Affiliation

A complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body

Nervous System

processes, interprets, and stores incoming information and consists of the brain and the spinal cord

Central Nervous System

Protected by the meninges →

skull and vertebrae cebrospinal fluid

CNS Tissues

Grey Matter - cell body, dendrites, glial cells, capillaries White Matter - axons, the long cords that extend from neurons; myelin Spinal Cord - produces behavior on its own, w/o any help from the brain

a white, fatty insulating cover that helps nerve signals travel quickly and reliably

myelin

automatic, requiring no conscious effort EX: Knee jerking, shifting balance of the weight of the body when stepped broken shards/ glasses

Spinal reflex

The neural circuitry underlying a reflex

reflex arc

Handles the CNS’ input and output

Peripheral Nervous System

carry messages from the special receptors in the skin, muscles, and other internal/ external sense organs; Sends the stimuli to the brain

Sensory Nerves

Carry orders from the CNS to the muscles, glands, and internal organs of the body Causes glands to contract and secrete hormones.

Motor Nerves

Two parts of PNS

Somatic Nervous System (skeletal nervous system) Autonomic Nervous System

Controls the skeletal muscles of the body and permits voluntary action

Somatic Nervous System

Regulates blood vessels, glands, and internal (visceral) organs like the bladder and the heart

Autonomic Nervous System

Accelerator; mobilizing the body for action and output of energy Blushing, sweating, pushes up your heart rate and blood pressure

Sympathetic Nervous System

Doesn’t stop the body, tend to slow things down or keep them running smoothly Conserves energy and helps the body store it

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Storage of our memories, the seat of our intelligence and where our emotions are found

Brain

reflexive or autonomic behavior is controlled by

Hindbrain and Midbrain

The complex behavior of the individual belongs to the controlled area of the _

forebrain

thalamus, pineal bodies, hypothalamus, and limbic system, entire cerebrum processes sensory information, helps with reasoning and problem-solving, and regulates autosomal, endocrine, and motor functions Sensory and associative functions, and voluntary motor activities

Prosenchephalon / Forebrain

skull-brain stem, medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum helps to regulate autonomic functions, relay sensory information, coordinate movement, and maintain balance and equilibrium Coordinates functions that are fundamental to survival (respiratory rhythm, motor activity, sleep, and wakefulness)

Rhombencephalon / Hindbrain

3 main parts: colliculi, tegmentum, and cerebral peduncle helps to regulate movement and process auditory and visual information

Mesenchephalon / Midbrain

(neural highway) a band of nerve, which carries back and forth between the two hemispheres A combination of sensory motor, and cognitive information is constantly being transferred between hemispheres

Corpus Callosum

theory of the right and left brain dominance

Roger W. Sperry

lobe for problem-solving, emotional traits, reasoning, speaking, voluntary motor

Frontal lobe

lobe for understanding language, behavior, memory, and hearing

temporal

lobe for knowing left and right, sensation, reading, body orientation

parietal lobe

lobe for vision and color perception

occipital lobe

for balance, coordination and control

cerebellum

for involuntary actions

brain stem

Memory centers of our brains

Hippocampus

Emotional responses, including feelings of happiness, fear, anger, and anxiety

Amygdala

Hunger, thirst, body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and sexual activity

Hypothalamus

the basic unit of the nervous system and conduct electromagnetic signal Held in place by glial cells (greek word → glue) which provide them with nutrients, insulate them, and remove cellular debris when they die

Neurons

Responsible in the transmission of messages

cell body

receiving messages from other nerve cells and transmitting them toward the cell body

dendrites

Transmits messages away from the cell body

axons

human body has __ pairs of peripheral nerves, with __ pairs in the head

43; 12

Major purpose of this covering is to prevent signals from adjacent cells from interfering with each other

myelin sheath

Gaps that separate neuron to neuron and bridge their communication

Synapses

Chemical substances that allow nerve impulses to move from one neuron to another

neurotransmitters

afferent efferent

sensory afferent motor efferent

process of receptors and effectors

any change to the environment will be detected by receptors found in the sensory organs and glands the receptors sends a message to the effectors which alter the bodies and returns it back to normal. Glands and muscular contraction, hormone, and enzyme production are all effector responses

It is complex and ongoing process by which differing regions of the brain take over the functioning of specific behaviors and cognitive skills

Brain Lateralization

sounds, meanings, rhythm of words / finding the right words to express what you mean

verbal-linguistic

Think conceptually and abstractly, logical and numerical patterns, quantifying things

logical mathematics

Think in images and pictures, visualize accurately and abstractly, visualizing words

spatial visual

ability to control one’s body movements and handle objects skillfully, coordinating your mind and body

bodily kinesthetic

Produce and appreciate rhythm pitch, and timber

musical

Capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations, and desires of others

interpersonal

Capacity to be self-aware and in tune with feelings, values, and beliefs and thinking processes

intrapersonal

Recognize and categorize plants, animals, and objects of nature

naturalist

Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence and death

existential

according to steven, self is defined as

separate - unique consistent - enduring that lasts until late adolescence unitary - center of all experiences and processes private - lives within its own world

actual self is built on

self-knowledge

self-knowledge is derived from

social interactions that provide insight on how people react to you

our actual self is our

self-image - seen by others

refers to the awareness of yourself

self-concept

factors of self-concept

own observations, feedback from others, cultural values/guidelines

who is JoHari

Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham

explained that development is continuous throughout the entire lifespan → each stage has a role to perform on developmental tasks

Robert J. Havighurst

believed that personality develops in a predetermined order through 8 stages of psychosocial development

Erik Erikson

Basic trust vs. mistrust Hope Appreciation of interdependence and relatedness

Infancy (0-1 year)

Autonomy vs. shame Will Acceptance of the cycle of life, from integration to disintegration

Early childhood (1-3 years)

Initiative vs. guilt Purpose Humor; empathy; resilience

Play age (3-6 years)

Industry vs. Inferiority Competence Humility; acceptance of the course of one's life and unfulfilled hopes

School age (6-12 years)

Identity vs. Confusion Fidelity Sense of complexity of life; merging of sensory, logical and aesthetic perception

Adolescence (12-19 years)

Intimacy vs. Isolation Love Sense of the complexity of relationships; value of tenderness and loving freely

Early adulthood (20-25 years)

Generativity vs. stagnation Care Caritas, caring for others, and agape, empathy and concern

Adulthood (26-64 years)

Integrity vs. Despair Wisdom Existential identity; a sense of integrity strong enough to withstand physical disintegration

Old age (65-death)

Developmental stages and tasks

Infancy/Early Childhood (0-5) - talk, walk, form relationship Middle Childhood (6-12) - school-related, independent, values Adolescence (13-17) - emotional independence, mature relationships, skills Early Adulthood (18-35) - life partner, home, family, career Middle Age (36-60) - perform civic and social responsibilities, psychological changes Later Maturity (60+) - deteriorating health, retirement, meet sco

maintaining a moment-by-moment awareness of our thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and surrounding environment, through a gentle, nurturing lens

Mindfullness

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

Psychoanalytic theory 0 to 1 - mouth 1 to 3 - bowel and bladder 3 to 6 - genitals 6 to puberty - libido inactive puberty to death - maturing sexual interest

nervous system Flashcards

(102 cards)