Nervous system

Question 1

Brain

Answer 1

main origin of the central nervous system that sends commands to all other parts of the nervous system

Question 2

Plasmodesmata

Answer 2

Channels between plant cell walls that allow them to communicate

Question 3

Gap junctions

Answer 3

Channels connecting animal cells

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

Chemical communicators that act locally and are centrally secreted

Question 5

Second messengers

Answer 5

signal transduction within cells

Question 6

Electrical signals

Answer 6

Fast way of sending signals in the body through nerve cells

Question 7

Neurons

Answer 7

Cells that are optimized for electrical signalling and make up the nervous system

Question 8

Neurons Signal Directionality

Answer 8

Dendrites to axons

Question 9

Central cell body

Answer 9

part of the neuron that contains the nucleus

Question 10

Synapse

Answer 10

Space between neighbouring neurons where signals are passed. The signals passed here are chemical

Question 11

Resting membrane potential

Answer 11

Neuron cell at rest. The neuron has a negative membrane.

Question 12

Hyperpolarization

Answer 12

After an action potential the neuron repolarizes beyond resting potential levels preventing backwards action potential

Question 13

Action potential speed

Answer 13

The speed of an action potential is determined by the diameter of the axon. Mylein sheath also speeds action potential

Question 14

Invertebrate axons

Answer 14

Axons have a large diameter

Question 15

Vertebrate axons

Answer 15

Contain myelin sheath

Question 16

Myelin sheath

Answer 16

Protective layer of the axon that is made of schwan cells and insulated the action potential

Question 17

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 17

Gaps in the myelin sheath where ion channels are located

Question 18

Neurotransmitters

Answer 18

Chemicals released from the axons that send signals

Question 19

Neurotoxins

Answer 19

Chemicals that block action potentials

Question 20

Tetrodotoxin

Answer 20

Pufferfish neurotoxin that blocks sodium channels

Question 21

Sensory neurons

Answer 21

neurons that sense external stimuli and generate action potentials in response

Question 22

Interneurons

Answer 22

neurons that connect the different neurons

Question 23

Motor neurons

Answer 23

neurons that cause a reaction in muscle cells

Question 24

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 24

respond to distortion or pressure

Question 25

Photoreceptors

Answer 25

detect light of specific wavelength

Question 26

Chemoreceptors

Answer 26

detect molecules of chemical nature

Question 27

Thermoreceptors

Answer 27

Temperature receptors

Question 28

Nocireceptors

Answer 28

detect pain

Question 29

Electroreceptors

Answer 29

Detect electric fields

Question 30

Magneto-receptors

Answer 30

detect magnetic fields