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Nervous System Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

largest part

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

2nd largest

A

cerebellum

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3
Q

cont. of spinal chord

A

medulla oblongata

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4
Q

gives rise to thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

A

diencephalon

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5
Q

consist of medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

A

brain stem

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6
Q

envelop the brain and spinal cord and separate them from the walls of their bony cases (skull and vertebral column)

A

cranial meninges

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7
Q

cranial meninges

A

dura mater - outer
arachnoid - mid
pia - inner

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8
Q

brain receives ___ % of the total blood supply

A

20

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9
Q

carry blood to brain

A

internal carotid (carotid arteries)
vertebral arteries

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10
Q

return blood from brain

A

internal jugular veins

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11
Q

protects brain from harmful substances, prevents harmful substances from crossing from circulatory system to brain

A

blood-brain barrier (BBB)

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12
Q

cerebrospinal fluid functions

A

circulates through ventricles, spinal chord, and subarachnoid space
absorbs shock and protects brain and spinal chord
help transport nutrients and wastes from the blood and the nervous tissues

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13
Q

where does CSF circulates

A

ventricles
spinal chord (central canal)
subarachnoid space

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14
Q

CSF-filled cavities

A

ventricles

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15
Q

lateral ventricle

A

each cerebral hemispheres

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16
Q

3rd ventricles

A

diencephalon

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17
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

midbrain

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18
Q

4th ventricle

A

brain stem
cerebellum

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19
Q

______ is drawn from the ________ through ___________ into ____________ to produce CSF

A

Plasma
choroid plexuses
ependymal cells
ventricles

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20
Q

choroid plexuses are…

A

networks of capillaries in the walls of ventricles

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21
Q

ventricles are lined by

A

ependymal cells

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22
Q

circulation of CSF

A

lateral ventricles → interventricular foramina → 3rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → 4th ventricle → subarachnoid space or central canal

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23
Q

CSF is reabsorbed into the blood by

A

arachnoid villi

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24
Q

The bulges on the _______ aspects of the medulla are _______

A

anterior
pyramids

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25
Pyramids are formed by ________ that pass from _______ to the ____________
large corticospinal tracts cerebrum to spinal chord
26
Pyramids are common site for ___________ of ________ and ____________
decussation ascending and descending tracts
27
Vital centers of the medulla oblongata are
cardiovascular and respiratory center
28
center of medulla oblongata has ____ pair of cranial nerves _______
5 pairs: VIII-XII
29
Midbrain is aka
mesencephalon
30
Mesencephalon extends from ____ to _____
pons to diencephalon
31
Cerebral peduncles
axon of the corticospinal, corticopontine, and corticobulbar tracts
32
4 rounded elevations sa tectum
2 superior colliculi 2 inferior colliculi
33
Large are w/ dark pigments sa midbrain
substantia nigra
34
Substantia nigra is associated with what disease?
Parkinson's disesae
35
Help control subconscious muscle activities
substantia nigra
36
Help control voluntary movements of the limbs
Red nucleus
37
Midbrain contains cranial nerves....
III-IV
38
Central constricted area of the cerebellum
vermis
39
part of cerebellum that control subconscious aspect of skeletal movement
anterior and posterior lobes
40
Function of flocculonodular lobe sa cerebellum
contributes to the equilibrium and balance
41
Cerebellar cortex is ______ matter in the form of ______ folds called ________
gray, parallel, folia
42
Tracts of white matter sa cerebellum
Arbor vitae
43
Attaches cerebellum to the brain stem
Cerebellar peduncles
44
Function of cerebellum
coordinate movements, regulate posture and balance
45
Hypothalamus consist of what
mamillary body, median eminence, infundibulum, several nuclei
46
Function of hypothalamus
Control the autonomic nervous system Production of hormones Regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns, eating and drinking, body temp, and circadian rhythm
47
Inferior to thalamus
Hypothalamus
48
Superior to thalamus
Epithalamus
49
Melatonin induces what
sleep
50
Epithalamus consist of ____ gland which secretes a hormone called ________
pineal gland, melatonin
51
"seat of intelligence"
Cerebrum
52
Separates frontal and parietal lobes
central sulcus
53
Primary amotor area
Precentral gyrus
54
Nuclei of basal ganglia
Globus pallidus Putamen Caudate nucleus
55
Help initiate and terminate movements Suppress unwanted movements Regulate muscle tone
Basal ganglia
56
"Emotional brain" - governs emotional aspects of behavior
Limbic system
57
Primary somatosensory area
Postcentral gyrus
58
Primary visual area
Occipital lobe
59
Primary auditory area
Temporal love
60
Primary gustatory area
base of postcentral gyrus
61
Primary olfactory area
temporal lobe
62
Broca's speech area
left central hemisphere
63
How many pairs of cranial nerves
12
64
How many pairs of spinal nerves
31
65
Connective tissue covering of spinal nerves
Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium Fascicles
66
Network of axon
Plexus
67
Spinal nerves + branches are called
rami
68
Formed by anterior rami of c1-c5
Cervical plexus
69
Brachial plexus is formed by
anterior rami of c5-c8 and t1
70
Supplies shoulders and upper limbs
Brachial plexus
71
Important nerves that arise from brachial plexuses
Axillary nerve Musculocutaneous Radial Median Ulnar
72
Damage to radial nerves that causes inability to extend the wrist aand fingers
Wrist drop
73
Damage to c5 or c6, causes loss of sensation along lateral side of arm
Erb-Duchenne palsy (waiter's tip)
74
Numbness, tingling, and pain in the palm and fingers
Median nerve palsy
75
Inability to abduct or adduct fingers
Ulnar nerve palsy
76
Arm cannot be abducted beyond horizontal position
Winged scapula
77
Formed by the anterior rami of L1-L4
Lumbar plexus
78
Nerves sa lumbar plexus
Femoral nerves obturator
79
Lumbar plexus supplies
Anterolateral abdominal wall External genitals Part of lower limbs
80
Sacral plexus is formed by
anterior rami of L4-L5 and S1-S4
81
largest nerve of the body what gives rise to it?
Sciatic nerve Sacral plexus
82
Supplies the buttocks, perineum, and lower limb
Sacral plexus
83
Formed by the anterior rami of s4-s5 and coccygeal nerves
Coccygeal plexus

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