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126 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of SS - PSPSFS

A

Protect int organs
Stores and releases fats
Produce blood cells
Stores and releases minerals
Facilitates body movement
Supports the bod

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2
Q

Connects bone-bone

A

Ligament

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3
Q

Bone structure top to bot

A

EMD
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

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4
Q

Space within diaphysis

A

Medullary cavity

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5
Q

Lines the medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

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6
Q

Outermost covering of diaphysis

A

Periosteum

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7
Q

Connects bone-muscle

A

Tendon

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8
Q

Order bone formation

A

Osteoprogenitor-osteoblast-osteocyte

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9
Q

Secretes bony matrix and develop into osteocyte

A

Osteoblast

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10
Q

Get buried under bony matrix

A

Osteocyte

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11
Q

Get buried under bony matrix

A

Osteocyte

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12
Q

Top composition of bony matrix

A

Calcium hydroapatite

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13
Q

50% dry weight of bony matrix

A

inorganic mats

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14
Q

Why do bones become too brittle

A

Not enough collagen and too much mineral

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15
Q

Why do bones become too pliable

A

Not enough minerals and too much collagen

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16
Q

Space within diaphysis

A

Medullary cavity

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17
Q

Anong tawag if veins are too small and rekta buto ang swero

A

Intraosseous injection

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18
Q

2 structural bone type

A

Compact and Spongy

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19
Q

80% of total bone mass, aka?

A

Compact/cortical

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20
Q

Characteristics and function of compact bones

A

Sturdy, make bones dense and enables it to withstand pressure

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21
Q

20% total bone mass, aka?

A

Spongy - cancellous - trabecular

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22
Q

Characteristics and function of spongy bones

A

Perforated w/ pores, make bones lighter for muscle mobility

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23
Q

Functional unit of compact bones

A

Osteon

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24
Q

Bone marrow is associated w/ what bones?

A

Spongy

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25
Q

Irregular bone plates

A

Spicules or trabeculae

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26
Q

Woven bones are present in..?

A

Fetal bones, bones, healing bones after fracture

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27
Q

Lamellar bones are created by..??

A

Remodeling of woven bones

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28
Q

Ossification aka

A

Osteogenesis

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29
Q

Bones form in 4 situations, ano yon

A

During embryological and fetal dev
When bones grow b4 adulthood
When bones remodel
When fractures heal

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30
Q

2 types of bone formation

A

Intramembranous and Endochondral

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31
Q

Explain mo intramembranous ossification

A

Osteoblast differentiate directly from mesenchyme

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32
Q

Endochondral ossification??

A

Cartilage serve as scaffold > bone formation > primary and secondary ossification

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33
Q

Examples of bones formed by intramembranous ossification

A

Skull, jaws, scapula, clavicle

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34
Q

20% total bone mass, aka?

A

Spongy - cancellous - trabecular

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35
Q

Primary ossification center

A

Diaphysis

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36
Q

Secondary ossification center

A

Epiphysis

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37
Q

Epiphyseal growth plate

A

Responsible for lengthening of bones

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38
Q

5 zones eme

A

Zones of:
Reserve cartilage
proliferation - mitotically active
hypertrophy - cell grows in size
calcified cartilage
ossification

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39
Q

How does appositional bone growth happens?

A

Bone resorption by osteoclast and bone deposition by osteoblast

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40
Q

3 phase of healing process

A

Reactive - reparative - bone remodeling

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41
Q

Formation of hematoma (blood clot)

A

Reactive phase

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42
Q

Formation of fibrocartilaginous callus and bony callus

A

Reparative phase

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43
Q

Osteoclast and osteoblast action heal fracture

A

Bone remodeling

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44
Q

3 types of fracture, explain

A

Simple - crack lang
Complete - circumferential bali
Compound - shattered

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45
Q

How is calcium released

A

Bone resorption by osteoclast

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46
Q

Too high calcium

A

kidney stones

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47
Q

Too low calcium

A

Rickets sa kids
Osteomalacia sa adults

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48
Q

Hormones lost by post-menopausal women

A

Estrogen

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49
Q

How many bones?
Sa axial? Appendicular

A

206 total
80 axial
126 appen

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50
Q

5 types of bones

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoidal

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51
Q

Narrow slit between bones for passage of blood vessels or nerves

A

Fissure

52
Q

Hole for passage of blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments

A

Foramen

53
Q

Shallow depression

A

Fossa

54
Q

Tubelike opening

A

Meatus

55
Q

Furrow on bone for passage of blood vessels, nerves, or tendon

A

Sulcus

56
Q

Rounded projection w/ a smooth articular surface

A

Condyle

57
Q

Smooth, flat, slightly concave articular surface

A

Facet

58
Q

Sharp, slender, projection

A

Spinous process

59
Q

Rounded articular process supported by neck

A

Head

60
Q

Prominent ridge or elongated process

A

Crest

61
Q

Roughened projection on condyle

A

Epicondyle

62
Q

Long, narrow ridge or border

A

Line

63
Q

Large projection found on femur

A

Trochanter

64
Q

Variably sized rounded projection

A

Tubercle

65
Q

Variably sized projection w/ rough, bumpy surface

A

Tuberosity

66
Q

How many bones in skull

A

22

67
Q

Moveable bones sa skull

A

Mandible and ossicle

68
Q

4 paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary

69
Q

What fontanel closes first

A

Posterior

70
Q

Sinuses present at birth

A

ME

71
Q

Supports tongue, does not articulate w/ other bones

A

Hyoid

72
Q

Sections of the spine and ilang bones

A

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - 5 fused
Coccyx - 4 fused

73
Q

Separates the vertebrae from one another

A

Intervertebral disc

74
Q

Each disc has on an outer ring of _____ which surrounds ___________

A

Annulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus

75
Q

2 divisions of cervical vertebrae

A

Craniocervical junction (CCJ)
Subaxial spine

76
Q

C1- C2

A

CCJ

77
Q

C3- C7

A

Subaxial spine

78
Q

C1 is aka

A

atlas

79
Q

C2 is aka

A

axis

80
Q

Ano meron sa C2 and ano function non

A

Atlantoaxial joint - head rotation

81
Q

Hanggang saan ang spinal chord

A

Lumbar, L2

82
Q

Vertebrae that supports body’s weight

A

Lumbar v.

83
Q

Thoracic bones

A

Sternum - manubrium, body, xiphoid process

84
Q

Ilang ribs meron? Ano yung tru and false ribs

A

12 ribs
7 tru
5 false

85
Q

Connects (tru) ribs to sternum

A

costal cartilage

86
Q

Nucleus pulposus leak out

A

herniated disc

86
Q

Nucleus pulposus leak out

A

herniated disc

87
Q

Disease: Lateral curvature

A

Scoliosis

88
Q

Disease: Thoracic forwards (kuba)

A

Kyphosis

89
Q

Disease: Lumbar backwards (liyad)

A

Lordosis

90
Q

Skeleton for movement

A

Appendicular

91
Q

Where upper limb attach to

A

Pectoral girdle

92
Q

Pectoral girdle consist of

A

Scapula and clavicle

93
Q

Clavicle articulates with

A

Medial/ sternal - manubrium
Lateral/ acromial - acromion of scapula

94
Q

Attachment point for humerus

A

Glenoid cavity of scapula

95
Q

Trochlea articulate with..

A

Ulna

96
Q

Capitulum articulates with…

A

Radius

97
Q

What forms the trochlear notch

A

Olecranon and coronoid process

98
Q

Membrane between radius and ulna

A

Intraosseous membrane

99
Q

How many bones sa carpal bones

A

8

100
Q

Proximal row of carpal bones

A

SaLamat, Tangina Po
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

101
Q

Distal row of carpal bones

A

TiTa Christy, Huwait
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

102
Q

Hip bones components

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubic

103
Q

Connects pubic bones

A

Pubic symphysis

104
Q

Largest hip bone

A

Ilium

105
Q

Hip bone that carries weight when sitting

A

Ischium

106
Q

Head of femur inserts into

A

Acetabulum

107
Q

Divides pelvis into superior and inferior; where abdoment meers pelvic cavity

A

Pelvic brim

108
Q

Longest, heaviest, and strongest bone sa body

A

Femur

109
Q

Kneecap

A

Patella

110
Q

Distal femur articulates with..

A

Tibia

111
Q

Distal tibia articulates with..

A

Talus

112
Q

Ilang bones sa tarsus, enumerate

A

7
Tiger Cub Needs MILC
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform
Cuboid (sa pinky)

113
Q

2 arches ng paa

A

Longitudinal and transverse arches

114
Q

Purpose ng foot arch

A

Distributes weight

115
Q

Joints function classification

A

SAD
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

116
Q

Joints clasification structure

A

Funny Ca Sis
S-Fibrous
A-Cartilaginous
D-synovial joint

117
Q

Joints that have no movement

A

Synarthroses

118
Q

Joints w/ partial movement

A

Amphiarthroses

119
Q

Freely movable joints

A

Diarthroses

120
Q

S-Fibrous joints example

A

Suture (skull)
Gomphosis (teeth)
Syndesmosis (intraosseous membrane)

121
Q

A-Cartilaginous Example

A

Synchondrosis (epiphyseal plate) - hyaline cartilage
Symphisis (pubic, intervertebral disc) - fibrocartilage

122
Q

Ano meron sa synovial joint for lubrication

A

Articular cartilage, synovial fluid

123
Q

Mesenchyme filled spaces between cranial bones

A

Fontanels

124
Q

Mesenchyme filled spaces between cranial bones

A

Fontanels

126 (3 decks)

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