Skeletal System Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
Function of SS - PSPSFS
A
Protect int organs
Stores and releases fats
Produce blood cells
Stores and releases minerals
Facilitates body movement
Supports the bod
2
Q
Connects bone-bone
A
Ligament
3
Q
Bone structure top to bot
A
EMD
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
4
Q
Space within diaphysis
A
Medullary cavity
5
Q
Lines the medullary cavity
A
Endosteum
6
Q
Outermost covering of diaphysis
A
Periosteum
7
Q
Connects bone-muscle
A
Tendon
8
Q
Order bone formation
A
Osteoprogenitor-osteoblast-osteocyte
9
Q
Secretes bony matrix and develop into osteocyte
A
Osteoblast
10
Q
Get buried under bony matrix
A
Osteocyte
11
Q
Get buried under bony matrix
A
Osteocyte
12
Q
Top composition of bony matrix
A
Calcium hydroapatite
13
Q
50% dry weight of bony matrix
A
inorganic mats
14
Q
Why do bones become too brittle
A
Not enough collagen and too much mineral
15
Q
Why do bones become too pliable
A
Not enough minerals and too much collagen
16
Q
Space within diaphysis
A
Medullary cavity
17
Q
Anong tawag if veins are too small and rekta buto ang swero
A
Intraosseous injection
18
Q
2 structural bone type
A
Compact and Spongy
19
Q
80% of total bone mass, aka?
A
Compact/cortical
20
Q
Characteristics and function of compact bones
A
Sturdy, make bones dense and enables it to withstand pressure
21
Q
20% total bone mass, aka?
A
Spongy - cancellous - trabecular
22
Q
Characteristics and function of spongy bones
A
Perforated w/ pores, make bones lighter for muscle mobility
23
Q
Functional unit of compact bones
A
Osteon
24
Q
Bone marrow is associated w/ what bones?
A
Spongy
25
Irregular bone plates
Spicules or trabeculae
26
Woven bones are present in..?
Fetal bones, bones, healing bones after fracture
27
Lamellar bones are created by..??
Remodeling of woven bones
28
Ossification aka
Osteogenesis
29
Bones form in 4 situations, ano yon
During embryological and fetal dev
When bones grow b4 adulthood
When bones remodel
When fractures heal
30
2 types of bone formation
Intramembranous and Endochondral
31
Explain mo intramembranous ossification
Osteoblast differentiate directly from mesenchyme
32
Endochondral ossification??
Cartilage serve as scaffold > bone formation > primary and secondary ossification
33
Examples of bones formed by intramembranous ossification
Skull, jaws, scapula, clavicle
34
20% total bone mass, aka?
Spongy - cancellous - trabecular
35
Primary ossification center
Diaphysis
36
Secondary ossification center
Epiphysis
37
Epiphyseal growth plate
Responsible for lengthening of bones
38
5 zones eme
Zones of:
Reserve cartilage
proliferation - mitotically active
hypertrophy - cell grows in size
calcified cartilage
ossification
39
How does appositional bone growth happens?
Bone resorption by osteoclast and bone deposition by osteoblast
40
3 phase of healing process
Reactive - reparative - bone remodeling
41
Formation of hematoma (blood clot)
Reactive phase
42
Formation of fibrocartilaginous callus and bony callus
Reparative phase
43
Osteoclast and osteoblast action heal fracture
Bone remodeling
44
3 types of fracture, explain
Simple - crack lang
Complete - circumferential bali
Compound - shattered
45
How is calcium released
Bone resorption by osteoclast
46
Too high calcium
kidney stones
47
Too low calcium
Rickets sa kids
Osteomalacia sa adults
48
Hormones lost by post-menopausal women
Estrogen
49
How many bones?
Sa axial? Appendicular
206 total
80 axial
126 appen
50
5 types of bones
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoidal
51
Narrow slit between bones for passage of blood vessels or nerves
Fissure
52
Hole for passage of blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments
Foramen
53
Shallow depression
Fossa
54
Tubelike opening
Meatus
55
Furrow on bone for passage of blood vessels, nerves, or tendon
Sulcus
56
Rounded projection w/ a smooth articular surface
Condyle
57
Smooth, flat, slightly concave articular surface
Facet
58
Sharp, slender, projection
Spinous process
59
Rounded articular process supported by neck
Head
60
Prominent ridge or elongated process
Crest
61
Roughened projection on condyle
Epicondyle
62
Long, narrow ridge or border
Line
63
Large projection found on femur
Trochanter
64
Variably sized rounded projection
Tubercle
65
Variably sized projection w/ rough, bumpy surface
Tuberosity
66
How many bones in skull
22
67
Moveable bones sa skull
Mandible and ossicle
68
4 paranasal sinuses
Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary
69
What fontanel closes first
Posterior
70
Sinuses present at birth
ME
71
Supports tongue, does not articulate w/ other bones
Hyoid
72
Sections of the spine and ilang bones
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - 5 fused
Coccyx - 4 fused
73
Separates the vertebrae from one another
Intervertebral disc
74
Each disc has on an outer ring of _____ which surrounds ___________
Annulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
75
2 divisions of cervical vertebrae
Craniocervical junction (CCJ)
Subaxial spine
76
C1- C2
CCJ
77
C3- C7
Subaxial spine
78
C1 is aka
atlas
79
C2 is aka
axis
80
Ano meron sa C2 and ano function non
Atlantoaxial joint - head rotation
81
Hanggang saan ang spinal chord
Lumbar, L2
82
Vertebrae that supports body's weight
Lumbar v.
83
Thoracic bones
Sternum - manubrium, body, xiphoid process
84
Ilang ribs meron? Ano yung tru and false ribs
12 ribs
7 tru
5 false
85
Connects (tru) ribs to sternum
costal cartilage
86
Nucleus pulposus leak out
herniated disc
86
Nucleus pulposus leak out
herniated disc
87
Disease: Lateral curvature
Scoliosis
88
Disease: Thoracic forwards (kuba)
Kyphosis
89
Disease: Lumbar backwards (liyad)
Lordosis
90
Skeleton for movement
Appendicular
91
Where upper limb attach to
Pectoral girdle
92
Pectoral girdle consist of
Scapula and clavicle
93
Clavicle articulates with
Medial/ sternal - manubrium
Lateral/ acromial - acromion of scapula
94
Attachment point for humerus
Glenoid cavity of scapula
95
Trochlea articulate with..
Ulna
96
Capitulum articulates with...
Radius
97
What forms the trochlear notch
Olecranon and coronoid process
98
Membrane between radius and ulna
Intraosseous membrane
99
How many bones sa carpal bones
8
100
Proximal row of carpal bones
SaLamat, Tangina Po
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
101
Distal row of carpal bones
TiTa Christy, Huwait
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
102
Hip bones components
Ilium
Ischium
Pubic
103
Connects pubic bones
Pubic symphysis
104
Largest hip bone
Ilium
105
Hip bone that carries weight when sitting
Ischium
106
Head of femur inserts into
Acetabulum
107
Divides pelvis into superior and inferior; where abdoment meers pelvic cavity
Pelvic brim
108
Longest, heaviest, and strongest bone sa body
Femur
109
Kneecap
Patella
110
Distal femur articulates with..
Tibia
111
Distal tibia articulates with..
Talus
112
Ilang bones sa tarsus, enumerate
7
Tiger Cub Needs MILC
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform
Cuboid (sa pinky)
113
2 arches ng paa
Longitudinal and transverse arches
114
Purpose ng foot arch
Distributes weight
115
Joints function classification
SAD
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
116
Joints clasification structure
Funny Ca Sis
S-Fibrous
A-Cartilaginous
D-synovial joint
117
Joints that have no movement
Synarthroses
118
Joints w/ partial movement
Amphiarthroses
119
Freely movable joints
Diarthroses
120
S-Fibrous joints example
Suture (skull)
Gomphosis (teeth)
Syndesmosis (intraosseous membrane)
121
A-Cartilaginous Example
Synchondrosis (epiphyseal plate) - hyaline cartilage
Symphisis (pubic, intervertebral disc) - fibrocartilage
122
Ano meron sa synovial joint for lubrication
Articular cartilage, synovial fluid
123
Mesenchyme filled spaces between cranial bones
Fontanels
124
Mesenchyme filled spaces between cranial bones
Fontanels
