nervous system

Question 1

Brain

Answer 1

the organ inside the head that controls all body functions of a human being

Question 2

Spinal cord

Answer 2

The bones, muscles, tendons, and other tissues that reach from the base of the skull to the tailbone.

Question 3

Cranial nerves

Answer 3

The bones that form the head.

Question 4

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal

Question 5

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

consists of the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

Dura mater

Answer 6

The tough outer layer of tissue that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord and is closest to the skull.

Question 7

Pia mater

Answer 7

a thin layer that’s held tightly — like shrink wrap — to the surface of your brain and spinal cord.

Question 8

Arachnoid mater

Answer 8

a thin, transparent membrane surrounding the spinal cord like a loosely fitting sac.

Question 9

Broca’s area

Answer 9

motor speech area

Question 10

Medulla

Answer 10

the bottom-most part of your brain

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

The portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the brain stem.

Question 12

Pons

Answer 12

Part of the central nervous system, located at the base of the brain, between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain.

Question 13

Midbrain

Answer 13

a part of the central nervous system, located below the cerebral cortex and at the topmost part of the brainstem

Question 14

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 14

The fluid that flows in and around the hollow spaces of the brain and spinal cord, and between two of the meninges

Question 15

Blood-brain fluid

Answer 15

Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder caused by an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles (cavities) deep within the brain

Question 16

Hypothalamus

Answer 16

The area of the brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Question 17

Diencephalon

Answer 17

the central portion of the brain located around the third ventricle, superior to the brainstem (medulla, pons and midbrain), and inferior to the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex

Question 18

Stroke

Answer 18

occurs when something blocks blood supply to part of the brain or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts

Question 19

Brainstem

Answer 19

the structure that connects the cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum

Question 20

Cerebral cortex

Answer 20

the outer layer that lies on top of your cerebrum

Question 21

Limbic system

Answer 21

the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses

Question 22

Phineas Gage

Answer 22

known for having survived a traumatic brain injury caused by an iron rod that shot through his skull and obliterated the greater part of the left frontal lobe of his brain.

Question 23

Acetylcholine

Answer 23

a neurotransmitter, a chemical that carries messages from your brain to your body through nerve cells.

Question 24

Dopamine

Answer 24

a neurotransmitter made in your brain

Question 25

GABA

Answer 25

an amino acid that serves as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord.

Question 26

Glutamate

Answer 26

the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system

Question 27

Norepinephrine

Answer 27

A chemical made by some nerve cells and in the adrenal gland

Question 28

Serotonin

Answer 28

A substance that is found mostly in the digestive tract, central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), and platelets.

Question 29

Central nervous system

Answer 29

made up of the brain and spinal cord

Question 30

Somatic nervous system

Answer 30

a component of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of the body movements via the use of skeletal muscles.

Question 31

Neuroglia

Answer 31

Any of the cells that hold nerve cells in place and help them work the way they should.

Question 32

Astrocytes

Answer 32

specialized glial cells that outnumber neurons by over fivefold.

Question 33

Microglia

Answer 33

resident cells of the brain that regulate brain development, maintenance of neuronal networks, and injury repair.

Question 34

Ependymal cells

Answer 34

A cell that forms the lining of the fluid-filled spaces in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 35

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 35

A cell that forms the myelin sheath (a layer that covers and protects nerve cells) in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 36

Schwann cells

Answer 36

a type of glial cell that surrounds neurons, keeping them alive and sometimes covering them with a myelin sheath, and are the major glial cell type in the peripheral nervous system

Question 37

Satellite cells

Answer 37

situated between the external lamina and sarcolemma.

Question 38

Dendrites

Answer 38

a collection of highly branched, tapering processes extending from the cell body (soma) of a neuron which conduct impulses toward the cell body.

Question 39

Axon hillock

Answer 39

the neuronal region in the cell body wherein the summation of the excitatory & inhibitory activity occurs.

Question 40

Axon terminal

Answer 40

axon endings that are somewhat enlarged and often club- or button-shaped.

Question 41

Myelin

Answer 41

an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 42

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 42

specialized regions in the axonal membrane that are not insulated by myelin

Question 43

Depolarization

Answer 43

a change occurs inside a cell that causes the distribution of electric charges to alter, leaving the cell with a less negative charge than the outside.