Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
Brain, Spinal Cord
A
CNS structure
2
Q
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves
A
PNS structure
3
Q
Incoming sensory information
A
Afferent
4
Q
Outgoing motor information
A
Efferent
5
Q
CNS motor signals to muscles, voluntary
A
Somatic Nervous system
6
Q
Involuntary (signals to heart, digestion, glands)
A
Autonomic Nervous system
7
Q
Fight or flight
A
Sympathetic Nervous system
8
Q
Feed and breed, repair and repose, rest and digest, etc.
A
Parasympathetic Nervous system
9
Q
produce nerve impulses and neurotransmitters
A
Neuron
10
Q
nerve cell bodies in the CNS
A
Perikaryon
11
Q
RER in nerve cells
A
Nissel Substance
12
Q
Outgoing information from neurons, transmitter
A
Axon
13
Q
incoming information to neurons, receiver
A
Dendrite
14
Q
support cells for neurons
A
Neuroglia (Glial Cells)
15
Q
support cells of the CNS, provides structure and nutrition for neurons (Glial Cell)
A
Astrocytes
16
Q
myelin of the CNS, myelinates axons (insulated axons) (Glial Cell)
A
Oligodendrocytes
17
Q
support cells of the PNS, Astrocyte of the PNS (Glial Cell)
A
Satellite Cells
18
Q
myelin of the PNS, Oligodendrocyte of the PNS (Glial Cell)
A
Neurolemma, Schwann cells
19
Q
Phagocytic cells, immune system cell (Glial Cell)
A
Microglia
20
Q
produces CSF (Glial Cell)
A
Ependymal Cells
21
Q
connects axons
A
Nodes of Ranvier
22
Q
nerve cell bodies(Perikaryon) + glial cells
A
Grey Matter
23
Q
myelinated nerve cell processes(axons) + glial cells
A
White Matter
24
Q
nerve cell bodies outside the CNS
A
ganglia
25
collection of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS
nucleus
26
bundle of nerve fibers inside the CNS
nerve tracts
27
electrical signal travels through gap junctions between neurons (common in the heart)
electrical synapses
28
use neurotransmitters for signaling (most common, neuron + axon)
chemical synapses
29
motor signals/functions in the spinal cord
ventral roots
30
sensory signals/functions in the spinal cord(dorsal root ganglion)
dorsal roots
31
takes sensory information up the spinal cord to the brain(dorsal)
ascending tracts
32
takes motor information down the spinal cord from the brain(ventral)
descending tracts
33
nerves that supply skin, muscles of the face, neck, and shoulders
C1-C5
34
phrenic nerves to diaphragm (breathing regulation)
C3-C5
35
brachial plexus, arm muscles
C5-T1
36
location of the termination of the cord (becomes filamentous)
L2
37
transection causes quadriplegia
C5-T1
38
transection can cause paraplegia
T1-L2
39
mapping pattern for body sensation, dictated by spinal nerves
dermatomes
40
inner layer of meninges, forms blood brain barrier, includes the Choroid plexus
pia mater
41
secretes CSF
choroid plexus
42
middle layer of meninges, fluid filled space, contains blood vessels, "concussion cushion"
arachnoid mater
43
outer layer of meninges, made of dense connective tissue
dura mater
44
CSF flow
lateral ventricle (choroid plexus)
foramen of Monroe
Third ventricle (Choroid plexus)
Cerebral Aqueduct
Fourth Ventricle (Choroid plexus)
foramen of Magendie, Luschka
Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid Villi
Sagittal Sinus
45
smell, sight, hearing, taste, touch, speech, body motor and sensory control, cognitive reasoning
telencephalon function
46
sense of smell, olfactory lobes, bulbs, tracts
rhinencephalon
47
grey matter exterior
gray matter location in the brain
48
white matter interior
white matter location in the brain
49
the way gray matter in the brain is arranged, bumpy surface
gyrus
50
spaces between gyrus's (folds)
sulcus
51
links the right brain and left brain
corpus collosum
52
location of lateral ventricles and foramen of Monroe
telencephalon
53
location of thalamus, hypothalamus, third ventricle, pineal gland, optic chiasm
diencephalon
54
integration areas to cerebrum
thalamus
55
regulation of hunger, thirst, temperature, hormones
hypothalamus
56
circadian rhythm control
pineal gland
57
location of the corpora quadrigemina, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi, cerebral peduncles, and cerebral aqueduct
Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
58
eye and head movements for vision
superior colliculi
59
head and trunk movements for hearing
inferior colliculi
60
connects the ascending and descending tracts to the brain
cerebral peduncles
61
location of the cerebellum and fourth ventricle
Metencephalon
62
coordinates muscle movements, maintains equilibrium and posture,
cerebellum
63
location of the medulla oblongata
Myelencephalon
64
visual cortex, primary visual area, location of the visual association area
occipital lobe
65
recognition of visual maps (faces, objects)
visual association area
66
primary auditory area, location of the auditory association area
temporal lobe
67
recognition of sound maps (sirens, animal noises)
auditory associate area
68
primary motor cortex, (skilled, voluntary motor movements)
precentral gyrus
69
contralateral mapping, upside down mapping, motor homunculus (hands and face)
precentral gyrus mapping
70
splits the pre and post central gyrus
central sulcus
71
somatosensory area (body sensation map,)
location of the gustatory area
postcentral gyrus
72
contralateral mapping, upside down mapping, sensory homunculus (fingers and lips)
postcentral gyrus mapping
73
interprets taste
gustatory area
74
somatosensory association area, interprets sensory info
parietal lobe
75
location of the premotor cortex, frontal eye field area, Broca's area, and the prefrontal cortex
frontal lobe
76
memory bank for skilled motor activities (muscle memory, playing piano, typing, etc.)
premotor cortex
77
voluntary eye movements
frontal eye field area
78
motor for speech
Broca's area
79
complex learning, personality (makes us human)
prefrontal cortex
80
visceral sensation
insular cortex
81
right hand control
language skills (speaking and writing)
numeric and scientific skills
reasoning
left brain
82
left hand control
music and artistic skills
imagination
spacial relationships
mental images or sight, sound, touch, taste, smell
right brain
83
easily reversable state of inactivity characterized by a withdrawal of interaction with the external environment
activated by serotonin and immune system regulators
sleep
84
light sleep
stage 1
85
transitional stage
stage 2
86
slow wave sleep: EEG "Delta Waves" arousal is difficult
stage 3, 4
87
rapid eye movement, EEG looks like an awake person, skeletal muscles are inhibited, dreaming evident
REM sleep
88
severe decrease in mental function due to injury, infection, or drug overdose, loses ability for arousal, behavioral, mental function, and sleep wake cycles disappear
Coma
89
characterized by flat EEG, apnea, no response to stimuli, lack of pupil response, and no eye movement w/ cold water exposure, vital organs may still be functioning
brain death
90
The location where optic nerves cross
Optic chiasm
