Nervous System Flashcards
What divisions are there of the Peripheral nervous system?
The Sensory Division and the Motor Division (which contains the Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems)
What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic division and the Parasympathetic division.
What does the sympathetic division do?
Controls fight or flight reaction while slowing processes that are not needed during fight/flight (like digestion).
What does the Parasympathetic division do?
The parasympathetic is associated with returning the body to resting state functions such as regulating heart rate, relaxing muscles, and controlling the bladder - supporting homeostasis. The Parasympathetic division calms the body after the fight/flight reaction.
What do astrocytes do?
Astrocytes exchange materials between neurons and capillaries
What do Microglial cells do?
Provide immune defence against invading microorganisms.
What do ependymal cells do?
Ependymal cells produce, secrete and circulate CSF.
What do Oligodendrocytes do?
Oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath which provides insulation to neurons.
What Glial cells are present in the Central Nervous System?
Astrocytes, microglial cells, Ependymal Cells and Oligodendrocytes.
What glial cells are present in the peripheral nervous system?
Satellite Cells and Schwann cells.
What do Satellite cells do?
Surround and support nervous cell bodies - these perform a similair role to astrocytes in the CNS.
What do Schwann cells do?
Schwann cells provide the insulating layer called the myelin sheath - similair to the Oligodendrocytes.
What do sensory neurons do?
Transmit impulses from sensory receptors > the CNS.
What do Motor neurons do?
Motor neurons transmit impulses from the CNS > rest of the body.
What is the function of the brainstem?
The brainstem is where most cranial nerves emerge from the brain, it also has nuclei for many reflexes within it.
Midbrain: The top part of the brainstem is crucial for regulating eye movements.
Pons: The middle portion of the brainstem coordinates facial movements, hearing and balance.
Medulla oblongata: The bottom part of the brainstem helps regulate your breathing, heart rhythms, blood pressure and swallowing (Autonomic nervous system).
What are the four lobes of the brain?
The Frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occupital lobe.
What areas are within the frontal lobe?
The motor cortex, the prefrontal cortex and Broca’s Area.
What areas are within the Parietal lobe?
The Somatosensory cortex
What areas are within the temporal lobe?
The auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area.
What areas are within the occupital lobe?
The Primary visual cortex.
What are the two ways the brain can be named?
By their developmental origin (mesencephalon etc) or by function (cerebrum etc)
Basic overview.
What are the 3 basic parts of the brain?
The cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brainstem
What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?
The Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
What does the Primary Motor Cortex do?
Controls voluntary movements
