Nervous System Flashcards by Amanda Lopykinski

The nervous system is the body’s primary ________________ and ____________ system.

communication and control

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The nervous system works with the __________ system.

endocrine

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The nervous system can be divided according to ___________ and ____________categories

structural and functional

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The structural subdivisions of the nervous system are ______________ and _______________.

central NS
peripheral NS

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What makes up the central nervous system?

brain and spinal cord

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What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

cranial nerves (nerves that come off of the brain stem)
spinal nerves (branches off spinal cord)
ganglia (cluster of neuron cell bodies)

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Nerves collect, process, and respond to stimuli ____/___

24/7

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What is a cable-like bundle of parallel axons?

nerve

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What are the 3 successive connective tissue wrappings of nerves?

1.) endoneurium
2.) perineurium
3.) epineurium

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What describes a wrapping that goes around individual axon/nerve fibers?

endoneurium

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What describes the wrapping around small grouping of axons (fascicles)

perineurium

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What describes the wrapping around the entire nerve (multiple fascicles)

epineurium

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Do nerves have lumen?

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Sensory = ?
Motor = ?

sensory = afferent
motor=efferent

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Dorsal/posterior = ?
ventral/anterior = ?

Dorsal/posterior = afferent(sensory)
ventral/anterior = efferent (motor)

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Processing occurs in the PNS/CNS?

CNS

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What determines intelligence?

number of active synapses

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What is the outer layer of the dura mater? What is the inside layer of the dura mater?

outside = periosteal
inner = meningeal

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Folds= ?
shallow depressions= ?

gyri
sulci

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how many cranial nerves are there?

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The lateral fissure separates what two lobes?

frontal and temporal

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What lobes does the central sulcus separate?

frontal and parietal

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What does the midline/longitudinal fissure separate?

the hemishpheres

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What is below the thalamus?

hypothalamus

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What is above the thalamus?

corpus callosum

Gray matter houses ______ neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, and _______________________ axons.

motor unmyelinated

White matter is composed primarily of _______________ axons

myelinated (helps send impulses faster)

External sheets of gray matter, called the _________, cover the surface of most of the adult brain

cortex

The bony cranium provides rigid _____________. Protective connective tissue membranes called ____________ surround and partition portions of the brain. _______________________________ acts as a cushioning fluid.

support meninges Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

The brain has a ____________________ barrier to prevent entry of harmful materials from the bloodstream.

blood-brain

What are the names of the three dense regular connective tissue layers that separate the soft tissue of the brain from the bones of the cranium.

CRANIAL MENINGES dura mater arachnoid pia mater

What is enclosed and protects blood vessels that supply the brain. It contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

cranial meninges

What is the name for a bruise/collection of blood? (bleed beneath dura mater on top of brain)

subdural hematoma

What are dividers in the brain created by dura mater?

cranial dural septa

The ______ mater extends as flat partitions (septa) deep into the cranial cavity at four locations called cranial dural septa.

dura

What separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

falx cerebri

What divides the frontal, parietal, and occipital from the cerebellum?

tentorium cerebelli

What is the name of the bony pocket in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland? It is the lid on the sella turcica.

diaphragma sellae

What separates the two sections of the cerebellum?

falx cerebelli

What are cerebral spinal fluid circulated and created in?

brain ventricles

What are the names of the ventricles of the brain?

third, fourth, and lateral (2)

How many total spaces house CSF?

CSF has 3 important functions:

1. buoyancy 2. protection 3. environmental stability

CSF is similar to ___________________

blood plasma

What produces CSF?

choroid plexus

Where is excess CSF expelled to?

urinary system

The two layers of the cerebrum involve the outer and inner layer. Outer is _______ matter and is MYELINATED/UNMYELINATED, while the inner is __________ matter and is MEYLINATED/UNMEYLINATED.

gray and unmyelinated white myelinated

________ matter is cortex, while __________ matter are fiber tracts.

gray=cortex white=fiber tracts

What fissure does the falx cerebri a part of?

midline fissure

Motor function on the right side is processed on which side of the brain?

left

Insula deals with which sense?

taste/gustation

The diencephalon involves which 3 structures?

thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

What deals with circadian rhythm?

pineal gland

The brain stem involves what three structures?

mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata

What houses the spinal cord and connects the spinal cord and the brain?

brain stem

What is the "practice makes perfect" region of the brain?

cerebellum

What are the 12 cranial nerves? Are they sensory, motor, or both?

1. olfactory (S) 2. optic (S) 3. oculomotor (M) 4. trochlear (M) 5. trigeminal (B) 6. abducens (M) 7. facial (B) 8. vestibulocochlear (S) 9. glossopharyngeal (B) 10. vagus (B) 11. accessory (M) 12. hypoglossal (M)

The optic chiasm conveys info from both sides of the brain and is used by which cranial nerve?

CN 2 (optic)

What is the last CN in the brain's structure?

CN11 (accessory) (Goes 1-10, then 12, then 11)

What provides a vital link between the brain and the rest of the body?

spinal cord

The spinal cord exhibits some functional ________________ from the brain.

independence

The spinal cord and its attached spinal nerves serve two important functions:

1) pathway for sensory and motor impulses 2) responsible for reflexes

CSF flows in the ___________ space.

arachnoid

A spinal tap goes thru the ________ mater but doesn't reach the _________ mater.

dura pia

What is the name for the inferior end of the spinal cord? (L1 and L2)

conus medullaris

What is the name of the inferior most part of the spinal cord (L2-S5)

cauda equina

What is the name of the medial most part of the cauda equina?

filum terminate

The ____________ ________ involves the muscles of the neck and back. While the ____________ _______________ takes care of the arms and legs.

posterior ramus (neck and back) anterior ramus (arms and legs)

There are 7 cervical vertebra, but _____ spinal nerves. Why?

8 There is 1 btw the occiput and atlas, and another between the atlas and axis

C1-C8 travel DOWN/UP, and the T1-Co1 travel DOWN/UP

UP DOWN