nervous system

Question 1

what are the main/2 parts of the nervous systems?

Answer 1

1. central nervous system
2. peripheral nervous system

Question 2

what are the neurons connected to the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

1. motor neurons
2. sensory neurons

Question 3

what are motor neurons?

Answer 3

• central nervous system to muscles and glands

Question 4

what are sesnsory neurons?

Answer 4

• sensory organs to central nervous system

Question 5

what does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 5

• the brain
• the spinal cord

Question 6

what does the brain do?

Answer 6

receives and processes sensory information, intiates responses, stores, memories generates thoughts and emotions

Question 7

what does the spinal cord do?

Answer 7

• the spinal cord conducts signals to and from the brain, controls reflex activities,

Question 8

what do motor neurons consist of?

Answer 8

1. somatic nervous system
2. autonomic nervous system

Question 9

what do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems do?

Answer 9

• autonomic: involuntary movements
• somatic: voluntary(choice) movements –> nerves that link the CNS with skeletal muscles

Question 10

what does the autonomic nervous system consist of?

Answer 10

1. sympathetic decision
2. parasympathetic decision

Question 11

what is sympathetic decision?

Answer 11

• “fight or flight” response
  ex. reaction to ‘dangerous’ circumstances

Question 12

what is the parasympathetic decision?

Answer 12

• “rest or digest” response
  ex. automatic, safe and calm response

Question 13

what does the nervous system do?

Answer 13

1. receive messages (stimuli/skin)
2. interpreting these messages.
3. sneding messages to parts of the body.

Question 14

what cells ais the nervous system made up of?

Answer 14

1. neurons
2. neuroglia

Question 15

what is a neuron?

Answer 15

• a specialized cell that uses electrical signals to communicate with other cells

Question 16

what parts make up a neuron?

Answer 16

1. the cell body
2. axon
3. axon terminals
4. dendrites
5. nodes of ranvier

Question 17

what does the cell body do?

Answer 17

contains the nucleus and is the control centre of the neuront

Question 18

what does an axon do?

Answer 18

• an axon carries informaiton away from the cell body to the axon terminals.

Question 19

what does the myelin sheath do?

Answer 19

the myelin sheath insulates the axon and smooths the speed of transmission f impulses.

Question 20

what does a dendrite do?

Answer 20

• carry the signals to the cell body
• branches of the stimuli nerve

Question 21

what is a synapse?

Answer 21

site where a neuron communicates with another cell

Question 22

what are schwann cells?

Answer 22

cells that produce the myelin sheath

Question 23

what are neuoglia cells?

Answer 23

• nourish, protect, and insulate neurons
• maintain conditios that keeps neurons functioning

Question 24

what is the right (left hem.) part of brain in charge of?

Answer 24

• math, logic, language,

Question 25

what is the left (right hem.) part of brain in charge of?

Answer 25

- musical, arts, creativity

Question 26

what are the three major parts of the brain?

Answer 26

1. cerebrum 2. cerebellum 3. brain stem

Question 27

what does the cerebrum consist of?

Answer 27

1. frontal lobe 2. temporal lobe 3. pariental lobe 4. occipital lobe

Question 28

what does the frontal lobe do? (cerebrum)

Answer 28

- controls vluntary motor movements, emotional expression, and moral behaviour

Question 29

what does the temporal lobe control? (cerebrum)

Answer 29

controls memory, equilibrium, emotion, and hearing

Question 30

what does the pariental lobe control? (cerebrum)

Answer 30

- controls and interprets senses and taste

Question 31

what does the occipital lobe control? (cerebrum)

Answer 31

controls visions and various forms of expression

Question 32

where is the cerebellum located?

Answer 32

- it is located at the bottom part of the skull, and is the second largest part of the brain

Question 33

what does the cerebellum control?

Answer 33

- coordinates movement, and balance - evaluates sensory input

Question 34

what does the brain stem consist of?

Answer 34

1. pons 2. midbrain 3. medulla oblongata

Question 35

what do pons do?

Answer 35

- controls certain respiratory functions

Question 36

what does the midbrain do?

Answer 36

- involved with visual reflexes

Question 37

what does the medulla oblongata do?

Answer 37

- regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing

Question 38

what does the brain stem do?

Answer 38

- keeps the automated systems of the body working

Question 39

what does the diencephalon consist of?

Answer 39

1. thalamus 2. hypothalamus

Question 40

what does the thalamus control?

Answer 40

- receives, sorts, and sends messages from the sense organs to cerebral cortex - ex. (eyes, ears.)

Question 41

What does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 41

- controls the heart rate, blood pressure, temperature regulation, water and electrolyte balance, digestive functions, and glandular acitivies

Question 42

how many pairs do cranial nerves have?

Answer 42

- 12 pairs

Question 43

how many pairs do spinal nerves have?

Answer 43

- 31 pairs

Question 44

what layers protet the brain?

Answer 44

1. meninges 2. cerebrospinal fluid 3. skull 4. vertebral column 5. blood brain barrier

Question 45

what makes up the meninges?

Answer 45

1. dura mater 2. arachnoid 3. pia mater

Question 46

what is cerebrospinal fluid? (CSF)

Answer 46

1. watery fluid that consists different compounds 2. cradles and cushions the brain

Question 47

what is the difference between nerves and neurons?

Answer 47

1. neuron (single nerve cell) 2. nerve (bundles of neurons with fascia and blood supply)

Question 48

what are the symptoms

Answer 48

touch, smell, vision, hearing, pain, temperature, pressure, voluntary and involuntary muscle control

Question 49

what are neurotransmissions?

Answer 49

- the conduction of chemicals impulses throughout the nervous system

Question 50

what can stimuli be?

Answer 50

1. chemical - ex. falling 2. physical - ex. smell 3. thermal - ex. heat/cold

Question 51

what kind of neurons are there?

Answer 51

1. afferent neurons 2. efferent neurons 3. interneurons

Question 52

what are afferent neurons?

Answer 52

(aka sensory neurons) - carry impulses to brain or spinal cord from stimuli

Question 53

what are efferent neurons

Answer 53

(AKA motor neurons) - carry impulses FROM brain to muscle or gland

Question 54

what are interneurons?

Answer 54

in the brain or spinal cord that processes sensory informations - commmunication between sensory and moto neurons and the CNS

Question 55

what are parts of the reflex arc?

Answer 55

stimuli, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, muscle - in that order