Nervous System Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are astrocytes?
Neuroglial cells within CNS. Provide structure
What are microglia?
Neuroglial cells within CNS. Immune response within brain
What are ependymal cells?
Neuroglial cells within CNS. Circulate CSF
What are oligodendrocytes?
Neuroglial cells within CNS. Wrap and insulate neutrons, increase speed of electrical conductivity
What are satellite cells?
Neuroglial cells within PNS. Provide structure
What are schwann cells?
Neuroglial cells within PNS. Increased speed of conductivity
What is the metabolic rate of neurons?
High! 120 g glucose per day.
How long do nerve cells live?
Extreme longevity, up to 100 years
Can neurons be replaced?
No - they are amitotic. But, if the axon is damaged (not cell body), they can regenerate.
What class is acetylcholine in? Nature of it? Where is it released?
Class: acetylcholine
Nature: Excitatory
Location: Neuromuscular junction - results in muscle contraction
What does excitatory mean?
Increases likelihood of post-synaptic neutron firing.
What class is norepinephrine in? Nature of it? Where is it released?
Class: biogenic amines
Nature: Excitatory (make you ‘feel good’)
Location: brain stem, limbic system, sympathetic ganglionic neurons
What class is dopamine in? Nature of it? Where is it released?
Class: biogenic amines
Nature: Excitatory (make you ‘feel good’)
Location: hypothalamus, limbic system, sympathetic ganglionic neurons
What drugs affect norepinephrine? How? What do they do?
Amphetamines and pseudophedrine (codral) enhance release of norepinephrine - ‘pick you up’
Cocaine and antidepressants block the reuptake of norepinephrine - ‘happy for longer’
What drugs affect dopamine? How? What do they do?
L-DOPA enhances release of dopamine - ‘picks you up’
Cocaine and antidepressants block the reuptake of dopamine - ‘happy for longer’
What class is GABA in? Nature of it? Where is it released? Effects?
Class: amino acids
Nature: Inhibitory (down regulates, depresses, relaxes)
Location: cortex, hypothalamus, spinal cord
What neurotransmitter/s is/are in biogenic amine class?
norepinephrine and dopamine
What neurotransmitter/s is/are in amino acid class?
GABA
What neurotransmitter/s is/are in peptide class?
endorphins
What class are endorphins in? Nature of it? Where is it released? Effects?
Class: peptides
Nature: Inhibitory (down regulates, depresses, relaxes)
Location: brain stem (prevents pain signals moving upwards - pain, marathon running)
What neurotransmitter/s is/are in purines class?
Adenosine
Adenosine triphosphate
What class is adenosine and adenosine triphosphate in?
Purines
NO and CO are in which class?
Gases and lipids
