Flashcards in Nervous System Deck (23)
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1
What are astrocytes?
Neuroglial cells within CNS. Provide structure
2
What are microglia?
Neuroglial cells within CNS. Immune response within brain
3
What are ependymal cells?
Neuroglial cells within CNS. Circulate CSF
4
What are oligodendrocytes?
Neuroglial cells within CNS. Wrap and insulate neutrons, increase speed of electrical conductivity
5
What are satellite cells?
Neuroglial cells within PNS. Provide structure
6
What are schwann cells?
Neuroglial cells within PNS. Increased speed of conductivity
7
What is the metabolic rate of neurons?
High! 120 g glucose per day.
8
How long do nerve cells live?
Extreme longevity, up to 100 years
9
Can neurons be replaced?
No - they are amitotic. But, if the axon is damaged (not cell body), they can regenerate.
10
What class is acetylcholine in? Nature of it? Where is it released?
Class: acetylcholine
Nature: Excitatory
Location: Neuromuscular junction - results in muscle contraction
11
What does excitatory mean?
Increases likelihood of post-synaptic neutron firing.
12
What class is norepinephrine in? Nature of it? Where is it released?
Class: biogenic amines
Nature: Excitatory (make you 'feel good')
Location: brain stem, limbic system, sympathetic ganglionic neurons
13
What class is dopamine in? Nature of it? Where is it released?
Class: biogenic amines
Nature: Excitatory (make you 'feel good')
Location: hypothalamus, limbic system, sympathetic ganglionic neurons
14
What drugs affect norepinephrine? How? What do they do?
Amphetamines and pseudophedrine (codral) enhance release of norepinephrine - 'pick you up'
Cocaine and antidepressants block the reuptake of norepinephrine - 'happy for longer'
15
What drugs affect dopamine? How? What do they do?
L-DOPA enhances release of dopamine - 'picks you up'
Cocaine and antidepressants block the reuptake of dopamine - 'happy for longer'
16
What class is GABA in? Nature of it? Where is it released? Effects?
Class: amino acids
Nature: Inhibitory (down regulates, depresses, relaxes)
Location: cortex, hypothalamus, spinal cord
17
What neurotransmitter/s is/are in biogenic amine class?
norepinephrine and dopamine
18
What neurotransmitter/s is/are in amino acid class?
GABA
19
What neurotransmitter/s is/are in peptide class?
endorphins
20
What class are endorphins in? Nature of it? Where is it released? Effects?
Class: peptides
Nature: Inhibitory (down regulates, depresses, relaxes)
Location: brain stem (prevents pain signals moving upwards - pain, marathon running)
21
What neurotransmitter/s is/are in purines class?
Adenosine
Adenosine triphosphate
22
What class is adenosine and adenosine triphosphate in?
Purines
23
