Yr 12 Chemistry Reactions

Question 1

How do you get from an alkene to an alkane?

Answer 1

Addition of H2 with metal catalyst (Ni/Pd/Pt)

Question 2

How do you get from an alkene to an alcohol?

Answer 2

Addition of H20 in the presence of H3PO4

Question 3

How do you get from an alkene to a haloalkane?

Answer 3

Addition of a hydrogen halide or halide

Question 4

How do you get from an alkene to a diol?

Answer 4

Mild oxidation (Hot/Conc/H+/K2Cr2O7) of alkene

Question 5

What does the addition of H2, to an alkene with metal catalyst (Ni/Pd/Pt) produce?

Answer 5

Alkane

Question 6

What does the addition of H20 to an alkene in the presence of H3PO4 produce?

Answer 6

Alcohol

Question 7

What does the addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene produce?

Answer 7

Haloalkane

Question 8

What does the addition of a halide to an alkene produce?

Answer 8

Haloalkame

Question 9

What does mild oxidation of an alkene produce?

Answer 9

Diol

Question 9

What does strong oxidation of an alkene produce?

Answer 9

Breaks the double bond forming an aldehyde and then a carboxylic acid.

Question 10

How can you get to a carboxylic acid from an alkene?

Answer 10

Strong oxidation. First to an aldehyde via an intermediate step.

Question 11

What does methanoic acid oxidise to?

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide and water.

Question 13

How can carbon dioxide and water be produced?

Answer 13

Strong oxidation of methanoic acid.

Question 14

How can an alkene be produced from a haloalkane?

Answer 14

Elimination reaction with sodium hydroxide (alcohol)

Question 15

What does an elimination reaction with sodium hydroxide dissolved in alcohol and a haloalkane produce?

Answer 15

Alkene

Question 16

How can an alcohol be produced from a haloalkane?

Answer 16

Substitution reaction with sodium hydroxide (aqueous)

Question 17

What does mild oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?

Answer 17

Aldehyde

Question 18

What does strong oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?

Answer 18

Aldehyde then carboxylic acid

Question 19

How can a aldehyde be obtained from a primary alcohol?

Answer 19

Mild oxidation

Question 20

How can a carboxylic acid be obtained from a primary alcohol?

Answer 20

Strong oxidation

Question 21

What does strong oxidation of a secondary alcohol produce?

Answer 21

Ketone

Question 22

How can a ketone be produced from a secondary alcohol?

Answer 22

Strong oxidation

Question 23

What does strong oxidation of a tertiary alcohol produce?

Answer 23

No reaction

Question 24

How can an alkene be produced from an alcohol?

Answer 24

Dehydration using heat, and either an aluminium catalyst (Al2O3) or concentrated sulphuric acid (conc H2SO4)

Question 25

How can an ester be prepared?

Answer 25

Alcohol + carboxylic acid (esterification) --> ester + water

Question 26

What does the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid produce?

Answer 26

Ester

Question 27

How can an alcohol and carboxylic acid be produced?

Answer 27

Acid hydrolysis - the addition of water (acting as a dilute acid) to an ester under reflux.

Question 28

How can an alcohol and the salt of a corresponding carboxylic acid salt be produced?

Answer 28

Base hydrolysis - the addition of sodium hydroxide to an ester under reflux.

Question 29

What is acid hydrolysis?

Answer 29

Addition of water (acting as a dilute acid) to an ester under reflux, to form an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Question 30

What is base hydrolysis?

Answer 30

Addition of sodium hydroxide to an ester under reflux, to form an alcohol and the corresponding carboxylic acid salt.