Flashcards in Yr 12 Chemistry Reactions Deck (30)
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1
How do you get from an alkene to an alkane?
Addition of H2 with metal catalyst (Ni/Pd/Pt)
2
How do you get from an alkene to an alcohol?
Addition of H20 in the presence of H3PO4
3
How do you get from an alkene to a haloalkane?
Addition of a hydrogen halide or halide
4
How do you get from an alkene to a diol?
Mild oxidation (Hot/Conc/H+/K2Cr2O7) of alkene
5
What does the addition of H2, to an alkene with metal catalyst (Ni/Pd/Pt) produce?
Alkane
6
What does the addition of H20 to an alkene in the presence of H3PO4 produce?
Alcohol
7
What does the addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene produce?
Haloalkane
8
What does the addition of a halide to an alkene produce?
Haloalkame
9
What does mild oxidation of an alkene produce?
Diol
9
What does strong oxidation of an alkene produce?
Breaks the double bond forming an aldehyde and then a carboxylic acid.
10
How can you get to a carboxylic acid from an alkene?
Strong oxidation. First to an aldehyde via an intermediate step.
11
What does methanoic acid oxidise to?
Carbon dioxide and water.
13
How can carbon dioxide and water be produced?
Strong oxidation of methanoic acid.
14
How can an alkene be produced from a haloalkane?
Elimination reaction with sodium hydroxide (alcohol)
15
What does an elimination reaction with sodium hydroxide dissolved in alcohol and a haloalkane produce?
Alkene
16
How can an alcohol be produced from a haloalkane?
Substitution reaction with sodium hydroxide (aqueous)
17
What does mild oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?
Aldehyde
18
What does strong oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?
Aldehyde then carboxylic acid
19
How can a aldehyde be obtained from a primary alcohol?
Mild oxidation
20
How can a carboxylic acid be obtained from a primary alcohol?
Strong oxidation
21
What does strong oxidation of a secondary alcohol produce?
Ketone
22
How can a ketone be produced from a secondary alcohol?
Strong oxidation
23
What does strong oxidation of a tertiary alcohol produce?
No reaction
24
How can an alkene be produced from an alcohol?
Dehydration using heat, and either an aluminium catalyst (Al2O3) or concentrated sulphuric acid (conc H2SO4)
25
How can an ester be prepared?
Alcohol + carboxylic acid (esterification) --> ester + water
26
What does the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid produce?
Ester
27
How can an alcohol and carboxylic acid be produced?
Acid hydrolysis - the addition of water (acting as a dilute acid) to an ester under reflux.
28
How can an alcohol and the salt of a corresponding carboxylic acid salt be produced?
Base hydrolysis - the addition of sodium hydroxide to an ester under reflux.
29
What is acid hydrolysis?
Addition of water (acting as a dilute acid) to an ester under reflux, to form an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
30
