Nervous System

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

brain + spinal cord

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

nerves and nerve structures outside of CNS

Question 3

foramen magnum

Answer 3

inferior end of brain
brain stem ends
spinal cord begins

Question 4

ganglion

Answer 4

collection of nerve cell bodies located outside CNS

Question 5

motor ganglia

Answer 5

receive input from other motor neurons, cell bodies located w/i CNS

Question 6

sensory ganglia (pseudounipolar)

Answer 6

collection of neuron cell bodies that have a single T shaped process that convey sensory stimuli directly into CNS

Question 7

Nerves

Answer 7

bundles of nerve cell processes

transmit information to and from CNS

Question 8

3 classes of nerves

Answer 8

spinal (spinal cord)
cranial (brain stem)
splanchnic (peripherial nerves)

Question 9

Splanchnic nerves

Answer 9

innervate thoracic, ab, pelvic viscera

carry either but not both sympathetic or parasympathetic divisions

Question 10

plexus

Answer 10

aggregation of nerves or nerve fibers from different origins that intermingle for reassortment

Question 11

functionally the nervous system can be subdivided into

Answer 11

somatic and autonomic

Question 12

Neurons have 3 basic parts

Answer 12

cell body
axons
dendrites

Question 13

cell body contains

Answer 13

nucleus, perikaryon

Question 14

centrally located nucleus is usually

Answer 14

large and euchromatic

has a prominent nucleolus

Question 15

perikaryon contains

Answer 15

cytoplasm

and cytoplasmic organelles

Question 16

neurolemma

Answer 16

neuron cell body

Question 17

golgi

Answer 17

package neurosecretory granules

Question 18

cytoskeleton of neurons consist of

Answer 18

neurotubules, neurofilaments, actin microfilaments

Question 19

Nissl substance

Answer 19

unique to neurons are dense aggregations of stacks of RER with intervening polysomes

Question 20

Nissl substance located

Answer 20

present in perikaryon and proximal portions of dendrites but absent from axons

Question 21

Chromatolysis

Answer 21

neuronal injury
stacks of RER dissociate resulting in visible loss of Nissl
nucleus migrates to peripheral location in the perikaryon

Question 22

3 basic morphological types of neurons in cortex

Answer 22

pyramidal cells
granule cells
fusiform cells

Question 23

pyramidal cell

Answer 23

multipolar neuron
pyramidal shaped cell body
single apical dendrite
several horizontal basal dendrites

Question 24

largest pyramidal cell

Answer 24

giant pyramidal cells of Betz

Question 25

Pyramidal cells of cortex produce

Answer 25

excitatory neurotransmitter Glutamate

Question 26

Axons of pyramidal cells represent

Answer 26

principle cortical output to areas outside the cortex

Question 27

granule cells

Answer 27

small multipoloar short axons that mostly remain in cortex mostly represent interneurons

Question 28

Granule cells of cortex produce

Answer 28

inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA

Question 29

Somatic division

Answer 29

``` voluntary motor activity somatomotor general sensory afferent (GSA) general sensory efferent (GSE) found in both spinal and cranial nerves ```

Question 30

cell bodies of motor neurons are located in

Answer 30

ventral horns of spinal cord gray matter | brainstem motor nucleus associated with a cranial nerve

Question 31

nucleus

Answer 31

collection of neuron cell bodies w/i CNS

Question 32

Somatic neuron axons synapse

Answer 32

directly with skeletal muscle targets

Question 33

neurotransmitter for GSE

Answer 33

Acetylcholine

Question 34

sensory neuron cell bodies are located in

Answer 34

dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves | sensory ganglia associated w/ CN 5,7,9,10

Question 35

Autonomic division

Answer 35

involuntary motor activity | sensory information to smooth muscle, eye, thoracic, ab viscera, skin, blood vessels, glands

Question 36

2 systems of ANS

Answer 36

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 37

sympathetic stimulates

Answer 37

``` flight or fight stimualte vasodilation pupillary dilation bronchodilation increased HR and respiratory rate visceral vasoconstriction ```

Question 38

sympathetic nervous system exits from

Answer 38

thoracic and lumbar spinal cord T1-L2 thoracolumbar division of ANS

Question 39

cell bodies of sympathetic general visceral afferent (GVA) are located in

Answer 39

DRG

Question 40

cell bodies of general visceral efferent (GVE) pre ganglion neurons are located in

Answer 40

spinal cord of thoracic and lumbar

Question 41

cell bodies of general visceral efferent (GVE) post ganglionic neurons are located in

Answer 41

paravertebral sympathetic chain ganglia of sympathetic trunk located along lateral aspect of spinal cord

Question 42

postganglionic axons synapse with

Answer 42

target smooth muscle that is located distant form postganglionic cell bodies

Question 43

sympathetic neurons are

Answer 43

short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons | except for sympathetic splanchnic nerves

Question 44

Neurotransmitter for preganglion neurons is

Answer 44

ACh

Question 45

Neurotransmitter for Postganglion neurons

Answer 45

norepinphrine | excpetion ACh for seat glands

Question 46

Parasymapthetic division

Answer 46

Craniosacarl division | maintains normal homeostasis of cardiac, rest, digestive, reflex

Question 47

Parasympathetic leaves from

Answer 47

CN 3,7,9,10 | S2,3,4

Question 48

parasympathetic preganglionic GVE neurons are located in

Answer 48

brainstem

Question 49

parasympathetic postganglionic GVE neurons located in

Answer 49

in or near target tissue

Question 50

parasympathetic neurons are

Answer 50

long preganglionic | short postganglionic

Question 51

neurotransmitter for parasympathetic

Answer 51

ACh

Question 52

number of spinal nerves

Answer 52

31

Question 53

spinal nerve is formed by

Answer 53

union of dorsal and ventral root fibers that arise form a single spinal cord segment occurs at the intervertebral foramina

Question 54

are parasympathetic axon fibers in spinal nerves?

Answer 54

NO

Question 55

Ventral root fibers contain

Answer 55

somatic motor and preganglionic sympathetic motor neurons | conduction is away from spinal cord - efferent fibers

Question 56

somatomotor neurons are located where in the spinal cord

Answer 56

Ventral Horn | innervate skeletal muscle fibers

Question 57

sympathetic motor fibers

Answer 57

lateral horn | innervate smooth muscle associated with blood vessels and glands