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Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Biological Psychology

A

scientific study of links between biological and psychological processes

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2
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell

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3
Q

dendrites

A

receive messages/conduct impulses toward cell body

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4
Q

axon

A

passes messages through branches to other neurons, muscles or glands

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5
Q

myelin

A

fatty tissue holding the axon of some neurons

-greater transmission speed

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6
Q

action potential

A

neural impulses

-electrical charge that travels down an axon

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7
Q

refectory period

A

period of inactivity after neuron has fired

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8
Q

threshold

A

level of stimulation required to trigger neural impulse

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9
Q

all-or-none response

A

neurons reaction of firing or not firing

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10
Q

synapse

A

where axon tip (sending neuron) and dendrite (receiving neuron) meet

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11
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers that cross synaptic gap between neutrons

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12
Q

synaptic gap

A

tiny gap where axon tip and dendrite meet

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13
Q

reuptake

A

neurotransmitters reabsorption by sending neuron

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14
Q

endorphins

A

pain control and pleasure

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15
Q

agonist

A

stimulate a response

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16
Q

antagonist

A

blocks a response

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17
Q

nervous system

A

communication network that consists of all the nerve cells

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18
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

sensory and motor neurons

-connect to CNS

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20
Q

nerves

A

axons that form neural “cables” that connect CNS with muscles, glands and sends organs

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21
Q

sensory neurons

A

neurons that carry incoming info from sensory receptors to brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

motor neurons

A

neurons that carry outgoing info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

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23
Q

interneurons

A

neurons inside brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs

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24
Q

somatic nervous system

A
  • division of PNS

- controls body skeletal muscles

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25
autonomic nervous system
- part of PNS | - controls glands/muscles of internal organs
26
sympathetic nervous system
- division of the autonomic | - arouses the body, mobilizes energy in stressful situations
27
parasympathetic
division of autonomic system - calms body, conserving energy
28
reflex
automatic response to sensory stimulus
29
endocrine system
body’s slow chemical communication | - glands secrete hormones into bloodstream
30
hormones
chemical messengers that travel through bloodstream and affect other tissue - made by endocrine
31
adrenal glands
- secrete hormones that help arouse body in stressful situations - pair of endocrine glands and are just above kidney
32
pituitary glands
- regulates growth and controls other endocrines glands | - under influence by hypothalamus
33
lesion
tissue destruction
34
electroencephalogram (EEG)
recording of brains electrical activity waves
35
CT Scan
x-ray photos taken from different angles that represents a slice of the brains structure
36
PET Scan
detects where radioactive glucose goes while brain preforms a given task
37
MRI
uses magnetic fields to produce images of soft tissue | - show brain anatomy
38
fMRI
reveals blood flow and compares to MRI to see brain function and structure
39
Brainstem
- central core where spinal cord swells entering skull | - responsible for automatic survival functions
40
medulla
base of brainstem | - controls heartbeat and breathing
41
thalamus
sensory control center - directs messages to sensory receiving areas and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla • location = top of brainstem
42
reticular formation
nerve network that travels through brainstem and thalamus | - controls arousal
43
cerebellum
-processes sensory input, coordinates movement output and balance, enables nonverbal learning/memory • location= rear of brainstem
44
limbic system
location = below cerebral hemisphere | - responsible for emotions and drives
45
amygdala
- linked to emotion | - 2 lima bean sized neural clusters in limbic system
46
hypothalamus
• location = below thalamus - directs maintenance activities: eating, drinking, body temp > helps govern endocrine system and linked to emotion and reward
47
cerebral cortex
• control and processing center - neural cells covering cerebral hemispheres
48
glial cells
- support, nourish, and protect neurons, play a role in learning/thinking - in nervous system
49
frontal lobes
- lying just before forehead | - involved in speaking, muscle movements, and making plans and judgements
50
Parietal
• location = lying at top of head, toward rear - receives sensory input for touch and body position
51
occipital
• location = back of head - includes areas receive info from visual fields
52
temporal lobes
• location = roughly behind ears - auditory areas, receiving info primarily from opposite ear
53
motor cortex
• location = rear of frontal lobes - control voluntary movements
54
somatosensory cortex
• location = front of parietal lobes - register/process body touch, movement sensations
55
association areas
- involved in higher mental functions: thinking, learning, memory ,speaking - part of cerebral cortex
56
plasticity
- brains ability to change by reorganizing after damage/building new pathways based on experience
57
neurogenesis
formation of new neurons
58
corpus callosum
band of neural fibers connecting 2 brain hemispheres | - carries messages
59
spilt brain
condition where separates the 2 hemispheres by cutting corpus callosum
60
cognitive neuroscience
study of brain activity linked with cognition (thinking, memory, language)
61
interaction
when the effect of 1 factor depends on another factor
62
Terminal buttons
branched end of axon that has neurotransmitters
63
schwann cells
provide growth of myelin sheath
64
cell body/soma
contains nucleus/other parts of cell needed to sustain life
65
afferent neurons
carry info from body to brain
66
interneurons
- in spinal cord/brain | - interpret incoming info and determine what to do next
67
efferent
carry info from spinal cord/brain to rest of body in order to initiate behavior
68
accidents
analysis of victims suffer from brain injury | - resulting in variations of normal behaviors
69
broca’s area
location= left frontal lobe - controls language expression and muscles involved with speech
70
wernikes area
- location = left temporal lobe | - interprets written and spoken language
71
midbrain
- location = between midbrain and forebrain | - responsible for sight/hearing, pupil dilation and eyeball movement
72
reticular formation
extends from spine to thalamus - responsible for arousal, wakefulness and attentiveness
73
resting potential
neurons is at rest and can complete an action | - neuron is polarized
74
negative ions
within cell
75
positive ions
surround cell
76
hormones
chemical messages produced by endocrine glands and circulated in blood
77
thyroid gland
-regulate energy level in body and controls metabolism
78
sex glands
influence emotion and physical development - females = ovaries - male = testes
79
testicles
release androgens | — primarily testosterone
80
ovaries
release estrogens
81
pancreatic gland
secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar
82
what happens when you have too much insulin?
devour all sugar in blood | - may lead to sluggishness, inattentiveness and seizures
83
what happens when you have to little insulin?
buildup of sugar | -

Psych (10 decks)

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