Unit 4

Question 1

Selective Attention

Answer 1

focusing on a object for a period of time while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant information thats occurring

Question 2

top down processing

Answer 2

focusing on expectations/experiences in interpreting incoming info

Question 3

button up processing

Answer 3

focusing on raw material through eyes and ears (etc)

Question 4

just noticeable difference

Answer 4

minimum difference a person can detect (difference threshold)

Question 5

weber’s law

Answer 5

great original stimulus the larger the difference must be to be noticed

Question 6

sensory interaction

Answer 6

how senses interact with each other and influence each other

Question 7

lens

Answer 7

helps focus images on the retina

Question 8

pupil

Answer 8

controls amount of light entering the eye

• bright = pupil smaller
• dark = pupil enlarged

Question 9

Iris

Answer 9

regulates size of pupil: allow more/less light to center of eye
- colored portion of eye

Question 10

retina

Answer 10

where light waves are received by rods and cones

Question 11

optic nerve

Answer 11

carries visual info from eye to occipital lobe

Question 12

blind spot

Answer 12

• no rods or cones in this area

Question 13

opponent process theory

Answer 13

sensory receptors in retina come in pairs:

- red/green 
- yellow/white
- black/white  - only one scale is on at a time

Question 14

transduction

Answer 14

physical energy is converted to a neural signal that can be processed by nervous system

• location = different for each sense

Question 15

tri-chromatic theory

Answer 15

• everything you see is a combination of these colors
  • red
  • green
  • blue

Question 16

electromagnetic waves and color

Answer 16

developed through rods and cones

Question 17

hair cells

Answer 17

change sound vibration into neural impulses

- movement of fluid causes hair cells to move = causes transduction

Question 18

receptors cells for all senses

Answer 18

hearing = hair cells 
visual = rods and cones 
touch = on skin
smell = olfactory receptors in upper nasal passages 
taste = taste buds inside papillae

Question 19

ear drum

Answer 19

transfer sound vibration from air to tiny bones of middle ear
- vibrates when sound reaches it

Question 20

hammer, anvil , stirrup

Answer 20

tiny bones that transfer sound waves from eardrum to cochlea

Question 21

oval window

Answer 21

receives sound vibration from ossicles

- as oval window vibrates, fluid in cochlea vibrates

Question 22

cochlea

Answer 22

where sound waves are changed into neural impulses

- filled with fluid , small shaped body tube

Question 23

semicircular canals

Answer 23

used in sensing body orientation and balance

- relies on fluid in canals

Question 24

outer ear

Answer 24

-sound waves enter and sent to eardrum

Question 25

inner ear

Answer 25

sound waves ripple fluid in cochlea and activates hair cells

Question 26

middle ear

Answer 26

hammer, anvil and stirrup

Question 27

sound location

Answer 27

locating where sound originated - done through 2 cues: •which ear hears sound 1st? • which ear heads the louder sound?

Question 28

pitch

Answer 28

highness or lowness of a sound

Question 29

gate control theory

Answer 29

gates are open when pain is felt - non-pain fibers can close the pain gates to stop the dense of pain • release endorphins can shit pain completely off

Question 30

motion perception

Answer 30

perceiving motion

Question 31

retina disparity

Answer 31

- depends on 2 eyes | - distance greater = objects look closer

Question 32

binocular cues

Answer 32

- depth cues | - depend on use of 2 eyes

Question 33

relative clarity

Answer 33

- light objects seem closer | - darker seem farther

Question 34

linear perspective

Answer 34

parallel lines converge with distance (vanishing point)

Question 35

texture gradient

Answer 35

more detailed= closer it looks

Question 36

relative height

Answer 36

higher look farther

Question 37

relative size

Answer 37

smaller image looks more distant

Question 38

interposition

Answer 38

closer image blocks distant image

Question 39

monocular cues

Answer 39

depth cues, either eye alone

Question 40

depth perception

Answer 40

ability to see in 3D

Question 41

vestibular sense

Answer 41

relies on fluid in the semicircular canals of the inner ear

Question 42

kinetheic sense

Answer 42

sensing body position | -leg falling alseep

Question 43

subliminal messages

Answer 43

below normal limits of perception | - below conscious kind (goes unnoticed)

Question 44

proximity

Answer 44

objects that are near each other tend to be grouped together

Question 45

Continuity

Answer 45

tendency to create continuous figures

Question 46

closure

Answer 46

seeing something incomplete, thinking it was whole

Question 47

similarity

Answer 47

things with similar characteristics belong together

Question 48

convergence

Answer 48

the closer an object is the more your eyes have to focus causing you to look inward

Question 49

stroboscopic motion

Answer 49

still image that looks like it’s moving

Question 50

context effects

Answer 50

perception stimulus based on environmental factors and experience (top down)

Question 51

perceptual allusion

Answer 51

incorrect perception

Question 52

parapsychology

Answer 52

study of perception and how we interpret things from senses and experience

Question 53

perceptual set

Answer 53

focusing on certain sensory data and ignoring others

Question 54

constancy: shape , size and color

Answer 54

tendency to think it’s the same shape, size and color based on experience and prior knowledge ex: knowing the doors open and not that skinny