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Block 3 Pharm > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

_________ neurons are important in reflex regulation and influence efferent action

A

Afferent

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2
Q

_______ neurons carry impulses from CNS to effector organs

A

Efferent

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3
Q

these neurons are Short and end in ganglia

A

Sympathetic Preganglionic neurons

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4
Q

these neurons Originate in CNS and emerge from thoracic and lumbar regions

A

Sympathetic Preganglionic neurons

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5
Q

these neurons Originate in ganglia

A

Sympathetic Postganglionic neurons

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6
Q

these neurons are

Long and end at effector organs

A

Sympathetic Postganglionic neurons

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7
Q

this only gets preganglionic innervation and secretes hormones in blood

A

adrenal medulla

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8
Q

these neurons Originate in CNS (CN III, VII, IX, X) and sacral region

A

Parasympathetic Preganglionic neurons

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9
Q

these neurons are Long and terminate on or near effector organs

A

Parasympathetic Preganglionic neurons

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10
Q

these neurons Originate in ganglia and are

Short and terminate at effector organs

A

Parasympathetic Postganglionic neurons

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11
Q

what Innervate the GIT, pancreas, and gallbladder

A

Enteric Neurons

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12
Q

Enteric Neurons Functions independently of the ____

A

CNS

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13
Q

Enteric Neurons controls

A

Motility
Exocrine secretion
Endocrine secretion
Microcirculation

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14
Q

Enteric Neurons are Modulated by both________.

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

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15
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System stimulation

A

Increase HR and BP
Mobilize energy stores
Increase blood flow to skeletal muscle and heart
Divert blood from skin and internal organs
Dilation of pupils
Dilation of bronchioles
Other in GIT and sex organs

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16
Q

nervous system that Adjusts for stressful situations

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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17
Q

The sympathetic system tends to function as a___ and often discharges as a complete system

A

unit

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18
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System -Reactions triggered by direct stimulation of sympathetic activation and _____

A

adrenal medulla

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19
Q

does the PNS discharge as a complete system

A

never

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20
Q

what system does the following:

Maintains homeostasis

Usually opposes/balances the sympathetic system

“Rest and digest” response

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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21
Q

ANS is a “motor” system and requires _____ input.

This feedback comes from viscera and other autonomically innervated structures

A

sensory

22
Q

in ANS, Most reflex responses do not require _______ control

A

conscious

23
Q

Most organs have___ innervation (i.e., sympathetic and parasympathetic)

A

dual

24
Q

Do both the sympathetic and parasympathetic provide equal stimulation in a given situation?

A

One system usually predominates in any given situation

25
Q

examples that only have sympathetic innervation

A 
Adrenal medulla
Kidney
Pilomotor muscles
Sweat glands
Vascular pressure (virtually no participation by parasympathetic system)
26
Q

Sympathetic sites of origin

A

thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord

27
Q

parasympathetic sites of origin

A

brain and sacral areas of the spinal cord

28
Q

Sympathetic length of fibers

A

short preganglionic

long postganglionic

29
Q

parasympathetic length of fibers

A

long preganglionic

short postganglionic

30
Q

location of ganglia in sympathetic system

A

close to spinal cord

31
Q

location of ganglia in parasympathetic system

A

within or near effector organs

32
Q

preganglionic fiber branching in the sympathetic nervous system

A

extensive

33
Q

preganglionic fiber branching in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

minimal

34
Q

sympathetic nervous system distribution

A

wide

35
Q

parasympathetic nervous system distribution

A

minimal

36
Q

sympathetic nervous system type of response

A

diffuse

37
Q

parasympathetic nervous system type of response

A

discrete

38
Q

Hormones are

Secreted into blood via _____ cells- Action is widely distributed

A

endocrine

39
Q

these are
Chemical secreted by tissues.
Action is on immediate environment surrounding secreting tissues–Do not enter blood

A

Local mediators

40
Q

______ are distinct anatomical units with no structural continuity

A

Neurons

41
Q

neurons Require release of ______ at nerve terminals to communicate with other neurons or effector organs

A

neurotransmitters

42
Q

NT Release is triggered by ______ which leads to membrane depolarization

A

action potential

43
Q

Increase in intracellular Ca2+ initiates fusion of vesicles (containing neurotransmitters) and release of their contents into _____.

A

synaptic cleft

44
Q

Once the neurotransmitter is released, it diffuses across the ______.

A

synaptic cleft

45
Q

Once the neurotransmitter is released, it diffuses across the synaptic cleft.
It can then react with receptors on the _______.

A

postsynaptic OR presynaptic neuron

46
Q

neurotransmitters do not diffuse through cell membranes…they need _____ to have an action

A

receptors

47
Q

common Neurotransmitters

A 
Norepinephrine (NE) [and closely related epinephrine (Epi)]
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Dopamine (DA)
Serotonin (5-HT)
Histamine
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Glutamate
48
Q

ANS fibers can be divided into 2 groups based on _____of the neurotransmitter released

A

chemical nature

49
Q

If mediated by ACh: neuron termed ______.

A

cholinergic

50
Q

When NE or Epi is transmitter, the neuron is termed ____.

A

adrenergic

Block 3 Pharm (6 decks)

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