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Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

What does this contain?

A

Spinal cord, brain, neural tissue, Connective tissue, blood vessels

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2
Q

Function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Sensory Data, Motor Commands, Higher Functions

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

What does this contain?

A

Cranial Nerves

Spinal Nerves

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4
Q

What are the functions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) ?

A

Delivers sensory information to the CNS

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5
Q

Afferent Division (sensory info only)

A

PNS sensory receptors to CNS

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6
Q

Interoceptors

A

Internal Environment

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7
Q

Externoceptors

A

External Environment

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8
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Body Position

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9
Q

Efferent Division (Motor commands only)

A

CNS to PNS

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10
Q

Somatic (skeletal)

A

Controlling voluntary/involuntary skeletal muscles contraction

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11
Q

Autonomic

A

Subconscious Actions

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12
Q

Sympathic

A

Fight or flight stimulate

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13
Q

Parasympathic

A

Relax

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14
Q

Neurons

A

Functional unit

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15
Q

How does a Neuron flow?

A

In One Direction (toward the cell body)

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16
Q

Axon hillock

A

Initial segment (thick)

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17
Q

Colladerals

A

Branch of a single axon

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18
Q

Telodendria

A

Extension of the distal axon

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19
Q

Synaptic terminal

A

Tips of the Telodendria

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20
Q

Ana

A

Absence

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21
Q

Anaxonic

A

Small dendrites axons also look alike

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22
Q

Bipolar

A

Small, 1 large dendrite, 1 main large Axon

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23
Q

Unipolar

A

Very long axon, fused dendrites and axons

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24
Q

Where are Anaxonic found in?

A

Brain, sense organs

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25
Where are bipolar found in?
Sensory organs
26
Where are multipolar found in?
CNS
27
Multipolar
Very long axon, many dendrites
28
What is the function of sensory?
Afferent PNS, signals to CNS
29
What is the function of Motor units?
Efferent PNS, Takes signals to effectors
30
where are Interneurons found?
Only found in CNS
31
What is the function of Ependymal Cells in the CNS?
Form epithelial tissue lining the central channel
32
What is the function of Astrocytes in the CNS?
Creates framework and scar tissue | These also are projections that wrap capillaries to form the blood brain barrier which isolated the CNS.
33
What is the function of Oligodendrocytes in the CNS?
Insulates axons Increase speed of propagation Makes the axon white
34
What is the function of Microglia in the CNS?
Clean up things that do not belong
35
What is the function of Satellite in the PNS?
Regulates the environment around the neurons.
36
What is the function of Schwann Cells in the PNS?
Forms the Myelin sheath | Produces myelin or separates Axons
37
If a Injury occurs to the PNS...
Distal Axons degenerate and Schwann cells replicate.
38
If a injury occurs to the CNS...
Limited repair, no regrowth, scar tissue, astrocytes release chemicals that prevent growth.
39
Neurons conduct information through..
Action Potentials
40
Action Potential
Sodium-Potassium Exchange Pump
41
Electro-Chemical Gradiant
When Na+ wants to enter the cell | When k+ wants to exit the cell
42
Positive ion entering cell (less neg)
Action potential
43
Positive ion leaving the cell (more neg)
No Action Potential
44
Passive channels are..
Leak channels that are always open
45
Active Channels are..
Gated channels that open and close with stimuli
46
What are the 3 types of active channels
Close inactivated (locked) Close capable to open (unlocked) Open
47
Repolarization
When a stimulus is removed, transmembrane potential returns to normal
48
Hyperpolarization
further away from resting potential K+ channel opens
49
Action Potential Steps
1. ) Depolarzation to threshold 2. ) Activation of Na+ channel 3. ) Inactivate of Na+ channel, K+ channels activated 4. ) return to normal permeability K+ channel close at -70 mv
50
Absolute Refractory Period
No AP Possible, Na+ Open or Inactive
51
Relative Refractory Period
Large Stimulus 2nd AP
52
What do Anesthetics do?
Locks all Na+ channels in inactive sites
53
Continuous Propagation Steps
1. ) Action Potential 2. )Depolarize second segment to Threshold (Develop AP) 3. ) First Segment Refractory Period 4. ) Local Current Depolarization Next Segment
54
What is a Salutary Propagation?
Myelinated Axon, faster/less energy
55
Nodes of Ranvier
Local Current Jumps Node to Node
56
Larger Axon Diameter
High Speed
57
Myelinated Axon
High speed
58
Synapse
Junction, Neuron and Cell
59
Presynaptic
Sends a message
60
Postsynaptic
Receives a Message
61
Synaptic Cleft
Gap increases
62
Electrical Synapse has..
Direct Connections, Gap Junctions
63
Chemical Synapse
No Direct Connections, neurotransmitters, AP Not Guaranteed
64
Steps of a Synapse
1. ) AP Arrives, Depolarizes Synaptic Knob 2. ) Ca2+ Channels Open and Dumps ACh 3. ) ACh Bind to receptors, Depolarizes Postsynaptic 4. ) ACh. Removed By Enzyme AChE
65
Synaptic Delay
.2-.5 Milliseconds
66
Acetylcholine
SM (excitory) CM (inhibit)
67
Norepinephrine
Brain/ ANS (excitory)
68
Dopamine
Both Excitory and Inhibtory CNS
69
Serotonin
Excitory CNS
70
Gamma Aminobutyncacid (GABA)
Inhibtory CNS
71
Neuropeptides
Bind to receptors which activate enzymes
72
Opiods
Found in CNS, Relieves pain
73
Inhibition
Further Away From Threshold
74
Facilitation
Raised Closer Toward Threshold
75
Temporal Summation
Many Times | Rapid, Repeated Stimuli at 1 Synapse
76
Spatical Summation
Many Locations | Many Stimuli At Many Synapse

anat and p (11 decks)

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