Nervous System: Brain

Question 1

corpus callosum

Answer 1

pathway for communication between the two hemispheres

Question 2

basal nuclei (ganglia)

Answer 2

for cognitive processing and associated with planning movements

Question 3

basal forebrain

Answer 3

contains nuclei that are important in learning and memory.

Primary location for acetylcholine production

Question 4

limbic system

Answer 4

involved in emotion, memory, and behavior

Question 5

Parts of the Frontal Lobe?

Answer 5

Primary motor cortex
Premotor Cortex
Broca’s Area

Question 6

primary motor cortex

Answer 6

(Frontal Lobe) control of precise, skilled, voluntary movements

Question 7

premotor cortex

Answer 7

(Frontal Lobe) controls motor skills and the planning of movement (simultaneous or sequential). Problem solving

Question 8

Broca’s area

Answer 8

(Frontal Lobe) speech production

Question 9

Parietal lobe, and what cortex

Answer 9

Primary Somatosensory Cortex
touch perception
receives sensory information from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints.
spatial discrimination (identification of body being stimulated)

Question 10

Parts of the Occipital Lobe

Answer 10

primary visual (striate) cortex and visual association area

Question 11

primary visual cortex

Answer 11

(Occipital Lobe) receives information from retinas

Question 12

visual association area

Answer 12

(Occipital lobe) surrounds primary visual cortex; uses past visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli

Question 13

Parts of the Temporal lobe

Answer 13

primary auditory cortex, auditory association area, primary olfactory cortex, posterior association area/Wernicke’s Area

Question 14

primary auditory cortex

Answer 14

(superior margin of Temporal lobe) interprets information from inner ear

Question 15

auditory association area

Answer 15

(Temporal lobe: posterior to the primary auditory cortex) stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sounds

Question 16

olfactory cortex

Answer 16

(Temporal lobe) conscious awareness of different odors (smell)

Question 17

Wernicke’s area

Answer 17

(Temporal lobe) language comprehension and development

Question 18

insula

Answer 18

perception of taste

Question 19

visceral sensory area

Answer 19

Conscious perception of visceral sensations, such as upset stomach or full bladder

Question 20

vestibular cortex

Answer 20

responsible for conscious awareness of balance

Question 21

anterior association area (prefrontal cortex)

Answer 21

involved with intellect, cognition, recall, and personality

working memory for judgement, reasoning, persistence and conscience

Question 22

posterior association area

Answer 22

Plays role in recognizing patterns and faces and localizing us in space
Involved in understanding written and spoken language (Wernicke’s area)

Question 23

limbic association area

Answer 23

provides emotional impact that helps establish memories

Question 24

Brodmann’s areas 17 and 18

Answer 24

Occipital lobe - primary visual perception

Question 25

Brodmann's areas 41 and 42

Answer 25

Temporal lobe - primary auditory sensation

Question 26

Brodmann's areas 1, 2, and 3

Answer 26

primary somatosensory cortex; Proprioception and kinesthesia

Question 27

Broca's area

Answer 27

speech production, or controlling movements responsible for speech (left side)

Question 28

prefrontal lobe

Answer 28

personality, short-term memory, and consciousness

Question 29

define memory and name the stages of storage

Answer 29

storage and retrieval of information | Short term memory and Long term memory

Question 30

short-term memory

Answer 30

temporary memory storage, limited to 7-8 pieces of information

Question 31

long-term memory

Answer 31

the relatively permanent storage of information, limitless capacity

Question 32

factors to transfer short term to long term memory

Answer 32

Emotional state- alert, motivated, surprise, and aroused Rehearsal- repetition and practice Association-tying new info with old memories Automatic memory- subconscious info stored in LTM

Question 33

Hippocampus

Answer 33

involved in long term memory formation and emotional response

Question 34

Amygdala

Answer 34

involved in long term memory and emotional response (recognizing fearful expressions, assess danger, elicits fear response)

Question 35

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

Answer 35

control movement

Question 36

Striatum

Answer 36

caudate and putamen

Question 37

parts of diencephalon

Answer 37

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Question 38

Thalamus

Answer 38

"brain's controlling center" relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex

Question 39

Hypothalamus

Answer 39

regulates homeostasis, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland

Question 40

Epithalamus

Answer 40

contains pineal gland which secretes melatonin (helps body know when its time to sleep and wake up)

Question 41

Parts of the brain stem

Answer 41

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 42

midbrain (mesencephalon)

Answer 42

coordinates sensory representation of visual, auditory, and somatosensory

Question 43

Pons

Answer 43

helps regulate respiration/breathing

Question 44

medulla oblongata

Answer 44

regulates cardiovascular and respiratory systems (ex. heartbeat,blood pressure), related to sleep and wakefulness, general brain activity and attention

Question 45

Cerebellum

Answer 45

the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

Question 46

cognitive function

Answer 46

recognizes and predicts sequences of events during complex movement. word association and puzzle solving

Question 47

motor function

Answer 47

control coarse limb movements

Question 48

limbic system

Answer 48

emotional center of brain that also plays roles in smell

Question 49

cingulate gyrus

Answer 49

plays role in expressing emotions via gestures and resolves mental conflict

Question 50

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

Answer 50

send impulses to cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert

Question 51

Reticular autonomic centers

Answer 51

Regulate visceral motor functions (vasomotor, cardiac, and respiratory centers)

Question 52

Example: When you prick your finger and you say "ouch". What lobe/cortex?

Answer 52

Parietal Lobe-primary somatosensory cortex

Question 53

Example: When you taste something sweet, it will go to the ___ for interpretation

Answer 53

Insula

Question 54

Example: I was shown an iPhone, I know it's an iPhone because I've seen it before. What lobe and area?

Answer 54

Occipital Lobe-Visual Association area

Question 55

Example: You hear a dog barking, you know it's a dog because you heard it before. What lobe and area?

Answer 55

Temporal lobe-auditory association area

Question 56

Example: A person who has a stroke can't understand written and spoken language. What area was damaged?

Answer 56

Wernicke's Area

Question 57

Example: A person who has a stroke can't speak. What area is damaged?

Answer 57

Broca's Area

Question 58

Example: Alzheimer's Disease

Answer 58

if neurons are lost in the subcortical nuclei (Basal Forebrain)

Question 59

Example: I touch hot water->Spinal Cord-> ___ to direct which lobe to go to

Answer 59

Thalamus