nervous system ch. 11

Question 1

sThree sensory system functions

Answer 1

sensory input, integration, motor output

Question 2

sensory input

Answer 2

the information gathered by the nervous system

Question 3

integration

Answer 3

the nervous system processes input and decides what to do

Question 4

motor output

Answer 4

nervous system activates effector organs (muscles and glands) to cause a response

Question 5

what are the two parts of the nervous system

Answer 5

central and peripheral nervous system

Question 6

central nervous system includes

Answer 6

brain and spinal cord

Question 7

peripheral nervous system includes

Answer 7

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

Question 8

spinal nerves

Answer 8

carry impulses to and from the spinal cord

Question 9

cranial nerves

Answer 9

carry impulses to and from the brain

Question 10

two divisions of PNS

Answer 10

sensory (afferent) division, motor (efferent) division

Question 11

what is the sensory division of the PNS responsible for?

Answer 11

consisting of nerve fibers that carry sensory information from receptors to the CNS

Question 12

What is the motor division of the PNS responsible for?

Answer 12

transmitting impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands

Question 13

somatic sensory fibers

Answer 13

convey impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

Question 14

visceral sensory fibers

Answer 14

transmit impulses from visceral organs

Question 15

two sectors of the motor divison

Answer 15

the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

Question 16

somatic nervous system is also called

Answer 16

the voluntary nervous system

Question 17

function of the somatic nervous system

Answer 17

conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

Question 18

autonomic nervous system is also called

Answer 18

involuntary nervous system

Question 19

function of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 19

regulate the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands

Question 20

the two principle types of nervous cells

Answer 20

neuroglia (Glial) cells and neruons

Question 21

function of neuroglia

Answer 21

small cells that wrap and surround delicate neurons

Question 22

function of neurons

Answer 22

excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

Question 23

4 neuroglia cell types in CNS

Answer 23

astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

Question 24

how can neuroglia be distinguished from neurons

Answer 24

they have a much smaller size and darker staining nuclei

Question 25

astrocyte function

Answer 25

assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons

Question 26

microglial cell function

Answer 26

can transform phagocytes in areas of neural damage or inflammation

Question 27

ependymal cell function

Answer 27

lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord

Question 28

oligondendrocyte function

Answer 28

composes myelin sheaths

Question 29

2 neuroglia cell types in PNS

Answer 29

satellite cells and schwann cells

Question 30

location of satellite cells

Answer 30

surrounding neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 31

location of schwann cells

Answer 31

surround all nerves fibers in PNS and form myelin sheaths around thicker nerve fibers

Question 32

neurons alternate name

Answer 32

nerve cells

Question 33

characteristics of neurons

Answer 33

extreme longevity, neurons are amitotic, neurons have an exceptionally high metabolic rate

Question 34

neuron cell body componets

Answer 34

a spherical nucleus ( with conspicuous nucleolus) surrounded by cytoplasm

Question 35

other name for neuron cell body

Answer 35

perikaryon

Question 36

the cell body is...

Answer 36

the major biosynthetic center and metabolic center of a neuron

Question 37

the neuron cell body contains there structures

Answer 37

protein and membrane making machine, cytoskeletal elements (microtubules and neurofibrils), pigment inclusions

Question 38

where are most neuron cell bodies located

Answer 38

CNS

Question 39

what are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS called

Answer 39

Nuclei

Question 40

what are clusters of cell bodies in the PNS called

Answer 40

Ganglia

Question 41

What components of neurons does the CNS contain

Answer 41

Cell bodies and their processes

Question 42

what components of neurons does the PNS contain

Answer 42

chiefly neuron processes (cell bodies are in the CNS)

Question 43

two types of neuron processes

Answer 43

dendrites and axons

Question 44

dendrite description

Answer 44

short, tapering, diffusely branching extensions

Question 45

the main receptive input region for neurons

Answer 45

dendrites

Question 46

function of dendrites

Answer 46

convey messages towards the cell body. Usually not action potentials but rather graded potentials.

Question 47

axon

Answer 47

neuron process that carries action potentials away from the nerve cell body; efferent process: the conducting portion of a nerve cell

Question 48

axon hillock

Answer 48

cone-shaped area of the cell body from where the axon arises

Question 49

a long axon is also called

Answer 49

nerve fiber

Question 50

nucleus

Answer 50

collection of neuron cell bodies in CNS

Question 51

ganglion

Answer 51

collection of neuron cell bodies in PNS

Question 52

tract

Answer 52

bundle of axons in CNS

Question 53

nerve

Answer 53

bundle of axons in PNS