Nervous system diseases

Question 1

CNS Glial cells

Answer 1

Microglia
Ependymal cells
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes

Question 2

PNS Glial cells

Answer 2

Satellite cells

Schwann cells

Question 3

Pons

Answer 3

relays signals from cerebrum to cerebellum
sleep, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movements, facial expression/sensation, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, posture

Question 4

Cerebellum

Answer 4

R&L hemispheres connected by vermis
Parallel surface folds called gyrus or sulcus
mostly muscle coordination

Question 5

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 5

extension of spinal cord
autonomic functions
reflex centers
arousal

Question 6

Cerebral edema

Answer 6

accumulation in brain parenchyma

Cytotoxic or vasogenic

Question 7

Hydocephalus

Answer 7

increased CSF

Question 8

Brain herniation

Answer 8

increased intracranial pressure
infarct
subfalcine, uncinate, tonsillar
duret hemorrhage-brain stem

Question 9

Cerebrovascular disease (stroke)

Answer 9

blood vessel problem
Thrombotic occlusion (local)
Embolic occlusion (local)
Vessel rupture (hemorrhage)

Question 10

Acute brain trauma

Answer 10

Blunt vs. open

coup vs. contrecoup

Question 11

Diffuse brain injury

Answer 11

may occur in absence of blunt force

usually involves acceleration or rotation

Question 12

Focal brain injury

Answer 12

grossly observable

• contusions
• concussions
• hematoma
• hemorrhage

Question 13

Concussion

Answer 13

reversible altered consciousness
no contusion
amnesia

Question 14

Contusion

Answer 14

damage to parenchyma

necrosis, laceration, bruising

Question 15

Hematoma

Answer 15

localized accumulation of blood

epidural, subdural, or subarachnoid (seen with contusion)

Question 16

Hemorrhage

Answer 16

Vessel rupture

Causes: hypertension, arteriovenous malformation, saccular aneurysm, trauma