nervous system lab lecture week 1

Question 1

what is the nervous system responsible for

Answer 1

• perceptions
• behaviors
• memories
• voluntary movements

Question 2

what are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

• afferent

- efferent

Question 3

what are the 3 parts of the central nervous system

Answer 3

somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
enteric nervous system

Question 4

what neurons in the CNS are voluntary

Answer 4

somatic

Question 5

what neurons in the CNS are involuntary

Answer 5

autonomic and enteric

Question 6

where are autonomic motor neurons located

Answer 6

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Question 7

where are somatic motor neurons located

Answer 7

skeletal muscle

Question 8

where are enteric motor neurons located

Answer 8

smooth muscle, glands, endocrine cells of GI tract

Question 9

what do neurons do

Answer 9

conduct action potentials

Question 10

neuroglia

Answer 10

support, protect, provide nutrients, augment the speed of transmission

Question 11

what are the three types of structural neurons

Answer 11

unipolar, multipolar, bipolar

Question 12

what are the three types of functional neurons

Answer 12

afferent (sensory)
association (interneuron)
efferent (motor)

Question 13

what do afferent (sensory) neurons do

Answer 13

• conduct signals from receptors to CNS-

- AFFECT you and ASCEND the spinal cord

Question 14

are sensory (afferent) neurons unipolar or bipolar or multipolar

Answer 14

unipolar or bipolar

Question 15

how much of the CNS do interneurons (association) make up

Answer 15

90%

Question 16

are interneurons (association) neurons unipolar or bipolar or multipolar

Answer 16

multipolar

Question 17

what do motor (efferent) neurons do

Answer 17

• take signal to a target organ

- exit the spinal cord

Question 18

are motor (efferent) neurons unipolar or bipolar or multipolar

Answer 18

multipolar

Question 19

what do schwann cells form

Answer 19

myelin sheath

Question 20

what do oligodendrocytes do

Answer 20

processed from cell form myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS

Question 21

what do astrocytes do

Answer 21

perivascular feet wrap around and cover neurons to keep neurons in place
and guide neurons during development and control the composition of the chemical environment by forming a blood brain barrier

Question 22

what does microglia do

Answer 22

engulfs invading microbes; debris; necrotic tissue

Question 23

what do ependymal cells do

Answer 23

line the 4 ventricles of the brain and central canal

-formation and circulation of the CSF

Question 24

what are the 4 types of neuroglial cells in the CNS

Answer 24

microglia, ependymal, oligodendroctyes, and astrocytes

Question 25

what are the 2 types of neuralgia cells in the PNS

Answer 25

schwann cells and satellite cells

Question 26

what do schwann cells do

Answer 26

entire cell forms the myelin sheath around a segment of an axon in the PNS

Question 27

what do satellite cells do

Answer 27

covers sensory neuron cell bodies; maintains neuron environment

Question 28

what makes white matter

Answer 28

myelin sheaths

Question 29

what makes gray matter

Answer 29

nervous tissue with little or no mylenation

Question 30

what are some symptoms of multiple sclerosis

Answer 30

- loss of sensation - muscle weakness/spasms - weakness - problems with speech

Question 31

what are the 4 principle brain regions

Answer 31

- brain stem - cerebellum - diencephalon - cerebrum

Question 32

what is the function of the medulla oblongata

Answer 32

respiratory and cardiovascular control | reflexes involving coughing vomiting and sneezing

Question 33

what is the function of the pons

Answer 33

relays info to the diencephalon and cerebellum | respiratory centers to aid the medulla oblongata

Question 34

what are the 3 major parts of the brain stem

Answer 34

- medulla oblongata - pons - midbrain

Question 35

what does the midbrain do

Answer 35

contains sensory and motor tracts

Question 36

what are the two parts of the corpora quadrigemina

Answer 36

- superior colliculi | - inferior colliculu

Question 37

where is the corpora quadrigemina located

Answer 37

the midbrain

Question 38

what does the superior colliculi do

Answer 38

reflex centers involved in visual stimuli resulting in eye, head, and neck movements

Question 39

what does the inferior colliculi do

Answer 39

reflex centers involved in auditory stimuli resulting in head and trunk movements

Question 40

what does the cerebellum do

Answer 40

smooths and coordinates contractions of sleet muscles. regulates posture and balance

Question 41

what are the 2 cerebral hemispheres joined by

Answer 41

vermis

Question 42

what are the gray matter "folds" in the cerebellar cortex called

Answer 42

folia

Question 43

what are arbor vitae

Answer 43

tracts of white matter

Question 44

what are the 3 specific regions of the diencephalon

Answer 44

- thalamus - hypothalamus - epithalamus

Question 45

what does the intermediate mass do

Answer 45

connects the 2 halves of the thalamus together

Question 46

what does the thalamus do

Answer 46

relays almost all sensory input to the cerebral cortex, contributes to motor functions plays a role in maintenance of consciousness, emotions,learning, and memory

Question 47

what does the hypothalamus do

Answer 47

controls and integrates activities of ANS -produces hormones, emotional and behavioral patterns, regulates eating, drinking and circadian rhythms, controls body temp

Question 48

what happens in the optic chiasm

Answer 48

optic nerves cross over

Question 49

what does the infundibulum do

Answer 49

connects hypothalamus to pituitary gland

Question 50

what does the pituitary gland do

Answer 50

secretes hormones

Question 51

what do mammillary bodies do

Answer 51

smell and taste reflexes

Question 52

what does the epithalamus do

Answer 52

contains the pineal gland which secretes melatonin

Question 53

what does the cerebrum do

Answer 53

- perception of sensory information | - voluntary movements; association areas for memory, personality, and intelligence

Question 54

what are the right and left hemisphere of the cerebrum connected by

Answer 54

corpus callosum

Question 55

what are the 3 specific regions of the cerebrum

Answer 55

- cerebral cortex - white matter - basal ganglia (nuclei)

Question 56

what does the basal ganglia do

Answer 56

help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements, and regulates muscle one

Question 57

is the cerebral cortex white matter or grey matter

Answer 57

grey matter

Question 58

what makes up the limbic system

Answer 58

amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, baal ganglia and cingulate gyrus

Question 59

what does the limbic system do

Answer 59

promotes range of emotions including pleasure, pain, docility, affection, fear, anger

Question 60

gray matter=

Answer 60

cell bodies and dendrites

Question 61

nucleus=

Answer 61

CNS cluster of neuron cell bodies

Question 62

what does the cerebral cortex do

Answer 62

- integrates sensory information - initiates motor output - involved in emotions and intellectual processes

Question 63

where is basal nuclei located and what is it

Answer 63

cerebral gray matter composed of paired nuclei deep within each cerebral hemisphere

Question 64

what do basal nuclei do

Answer 64

- help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements, and regulate muscle tone - limbic system promotes range of emotions, including pleasure, pain, docility, affection, fear and anger

Question 65

what are the 2 types of functional areas of the cerebrum

Answer 65

primary and association

Question 66

what does the primary functional area of the cerebrum do

Answer 66

-directly receives or sends signals

Question 67

what does the association functional area of the cerebrum do

Answer 67

-perform complex integrative functions

Question 68

what does CSF do

Answer 68

filtered blood plasma that bathes brain and spinal cord providing nutrients

Question 69

what does the choroid plexus do

Answer 69

networks of blood capillaries in the walls of the ventricles that filter the blood plasma into ependymal cells

Question 70

what are ependymal cells

Answer 70

cells found between the capillaries and the ventricles