Nervous System (Lab Test 2)

Question 1

4 levels of protection of the CNS

Answer 1

1. Bones
2. Meninges
3. Cerebrospinal fluid
4. Blood-brain-spinal cord barrier

Question 2

2 types of bones protecting the CNS

Answer 2

skull & vertebrae

Question 3

Three layers of meninges

Answer 3

1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Pia mater

Question 4

Function: Bones

Answer 4

The hardest most external protection to shield the nervous tissues from outside trauma like a hit or a fall.

Question 5

Function: Meninges

Answer 5

Acts as a shock absorber between the bones and the nervous tissue.

Is the connection between CSF and blood.

Question 6

Function: Dura mater

Answer 6

The outermost layer of the meninges that is attached to the bone.

Question 7

Function: Skull

Answer 7

The bony case covering the brain.

Question 8

Function: Blood-brain-spinal cord barrier

Answer 8

The closing of blood capillary pores by astrocytes to increase selectivity towards molecules leaving the capillaries and coming into contact with the nervous tissue.

Substances must use membranes transportation to leave the blood and come in contact with nervous tissue.

Question 9

Function: Pia mater

Answer 9

The innermost layer of the meninges that is directly in contact with the nervous tissue.

Question 10

Function: Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 10

A fluid that acts as a shock absorber as well as tissue support, nourishment, and waste removal.

Question 11

Function: Arachnoid mater

Answer 11

The middle layer of the meninges is web-like.

Question 12

Function: Vertebrae

Answer 12

The bony case covering the spinal cord.

Question 13

Describe the CSF flow

Answer 13

Produced at choroid plexus by ependymal cells.
Cilia help CSF circulate through ventricles and exit by the medial and lateral apertures.
CSF enter subarachnoid space and exit by arachnoid granulations into dural sinus to become part of the blood.

Question 14

Function: Cerebrum

Answer 14

Left and right hemispheres of the brain

Question 15

Function: Cerebellum

Answer 15

Balance, coordination, posture, and learned movements.

Question 16

Function: Brain stem

Answer 16

A bridge that connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain.

Question 17

Function: Spinal cord

Answer 17

Transmission of messages from sensory neurons to the brain and from the brain to the motor neurons and is responsible for all spinal reflexes.

Question 18

Function: Frontal lobe

Answer 18

Speech, decision making, voluntary movements.

Question 19

Function: Parietal lobe

Answer 19

Touch (somatosensory and visceral sensory).

Question 20

Function: temporal lobe

Answer 20

Understanding language, hearing, taste, and olfaction.

Question 21

Function: Occipital lobe

Answer 21

Vision

Question 22

Function: Corpus callosum

Answer 22

Band of white matter connecting the left and right hemispheres.

Question 23

Funcction: Superior colliculi of corpora quadrigemina

Answer 23

Visual reflexes

Question 24

Function: inferior colliculi of corpora quadrigemina

Answer 24

Auditory reflexes

Question 25

Function: Midbrain

Answer 25

Connection to the cerebrum and has reflex responses for vision and hearing.

Question 26

Function: Pons

Answer 26

assist medulla oblongata with breathing rate and heart rate

Question 27

Function: Medulla Oblongata

Answer 27

Connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain and contains reflex centers for breathing rate, heart rate and force, blood pressure, and other centers regulating vomiting, hiccupping, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing.

Question 28

Function: optic chiasma

Answer 28

cross over of the optic nerve

Question 29

Function: hypothalamus

Answer 29

Coordination of nervous and endocrine system activities, regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, digestive activity, breathing rate, body temperature, hunger, thirst, and involvement in emotional responses.

Question 30

Function: thalamus

Answer 30

Receives and sorts sensory input (except smell).

Question 31

Function: cerebral aqueduct

Answer 31

allow the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the third and fourth ventricles

Question 32

Function: Premotor cortex

Answer 32

planning voluntary movements

Question 33

Function: primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 33

touch information, body position

Question 34

Function: primary motor cortex

Answer 34

perform voluntary movements

Question 35

Name the cranial bones

Answer 35

ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, frontal, temporal, parietal

Question 36

Which vertebrae protect the spinal cord?

Answer 36

C1 to L1-L2

Question 37

What is the hole through which the spinal cord passes through the vertebrae?

Answer 37

Vertebral foramen

Question 38

What ions are high and low in CSF

Answer 38

High: Na+, H+, Cl- Low: Ca2+, K+

Question 39

Which type of neurons pass through the dorsal root?

Answer 39

sensory neurons

Question 40

Which type of neurons pass through the ventral root?

Answer 40

motor neurons

Question 41

Damage to the spinal nerve would:

Answer 41

Results in a loss of both sensation and motor function to the affected area.

Question 42

Damage to the ventral root would:

Answer 42

Results in a loss of motor function to the affected area.

Question 43

Damage to the dorsal root would:

Answer 43

Results in a loss of sensation to the affected area.

Question 44

Would damage to a cranial nerve cause the same thing as damage to a spinal nerve?

Answer 44

No, not all cranial nerves are mixed

Question 45

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: brain

Answer 45

CNS

Question 46

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: ganglia

Answer 46

PNS

Question 47

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: vertebrae

Answer 47

Protection of CNS

Question 48

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: Optic nerve

Answer 48

PNS

Question 49

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: spinal cord

Answer 49

CNS

Question 50

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: dorsal root

Answer 50

PNS

Question 51

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: sciatic nerve

Answer 51

PNS

Question 52

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: ventral root

Answer 52

PNS

Question 53

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: meninges

Answer 53

Protection of CNS

Question 54

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: sensory receptors

Answer 54

PNS

Question 55

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: optic chiasma

Answer 55

PNS

Question 56

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: optic tract

Answer 56

CNS

Question 57

CNS, PNS, or protection of the CNS: Skull

Answer 57

Protection