Nervous System Lecture

Question 1

Organs of the nervous system

Answer 1

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

Question 2

Functions of the nervous system

Answer 2

Perceive
Transmit
Process (integrate)
Store

Question 3

Primary goal of the nervous system

Answer 3

to use basic functions to maintain body homeostasis

Question 4

Cell types of the nervous system

Answer 4

Neurons, Neuoglia

Question 5

Parts of a neuron

Answer 5

Cell body, cell processes (dendrite(s) and axon)

Question 6

Shape and function of types of neurons

Answer 6

Bipolar- sensory specifically vision, smell, taste
Pseudounipolar- all other sensory
Multipolar- motor

Question 7

Anatomical classifications of nervous system

Answer 7

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system- 12 cranial nerves and 35 spinal nerves

Question 8

Spinal nerve formula for a dog

Answer 8

8Cervical, 13Thoracic, 7Lumbar, 3Sacral, 4Caudal

Question 9

Area of the nervous system that is exclusively information in to the CNS.

Answer 9

Dorsal root

Question 10

Area of the nervous system that is exclusively commands out of the CNS.

Answer 10

Ventral root

Question 11

Mass of cell bodies in the CNS

Answer 11

Grey matter

Question 12

Mass of cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 12

Ganglion

Question 13

General path of sensory information from the body to the spinal cord

Answer 13

Dorsal and ventral branch
Dorsal root ganglion
Dorsal root
Dorsal lobe of grey matter

Question 14

General path of command information from the spinal cord to the body

Answer 14

Interneuron
Ventral root
Dorsal and ventral branch

Question 15

Reflexes skip the brain by following what path

Answer 15

sensory path to the spinal cord
Interneuron
Motor path to the body

Question 16

Brachial plexus is composed of what spinal segments

Answer 16

C6-T2

Question 17

Purpose for redundancy of nerve paths from the brachial plexus to the thoracic limb

Answer 17

To mitigate loss of use of the thoracic limb due to injury

Question 18

Important named nerve from the brachial plexus

Answer 18

Radial nerve- C7-C2, allows weight bearing on the limb by causing the elbow joint to be extended

Question 19

Lumbrosacral plexus is composed of what spinal segments

Answer 19

L4-S3

Question 20

Important named nerve from the lumbrosacral plexus

Answer 20

Femoral nerve,
L4-6,
Innervates the quadriceps femoris,
Extends the stifle joint for weight bearing

Question 21

Functional classifications of the nervous system

Answer 21

GSE (general somatic efferent)- controls skeletal mm.
GVE (general visceral efferent)- controls cardiac and smooth mm. and glands.
GSA (general somatic afferent)- senses external environment.
GVA (general visceral afferent)- senses internal environment.

Question 22

Functional classification(s) of the nervous system found in all spinal nerves

Answer 22

GSE, GSA, GVE

Question 23

Functional classification(s) of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 23

GVE, GVS

Question 24

Matching:
(Voluntary, involuntary, conscious, unconscious)
with
(GSE, GSA, GVA, GVE)

Answer 24

GSE- voluntary,
GSA- consious,
GVE- involuntary,
GVA- unconsious

Question 25

Divisions of autonomic nervous system

Answer 25

Parasympathetic, | Sympathetic

Question 26

Parasympathetic function and origin

Answer 26

Housekeeping, | S1-3 and Cranial nerves 3,7,9,10

Question 27

Sympathetic function and origin

Answer 27

fight or flight, | T1-L4

Question 28

3 major concepts of autonomic nervous system

Answer 28

2 neuron chains, location of cell bodies, dual innervation

Question 29

General locations of cell bodies for parasympathetic

Answer 29

1st: S1-3 and cranial nerves 3,7,9,10. 2nd: Organ tissue

Question 30

General locations of cell bodies for parasympathetic

Answer 30

1st: T1-L4. 2nd: Ganglions

Question 31

Dual innervation

Answer 31

innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic to provided opposite effects. Not applicable to extremities.

Question 32

Sympathetic innervation to the heart: action and path

Answer 32

Increase heart rate and cardiac output. Grey matter, ventral root, spinal n., ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk, ganglion near heart, post ganglion n., heart mm.

Question 33

General sympathetic innervation to organs in the trunk

Answer 33

Grey matter, ventral root, spinal n., ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk, ganglion near target organ/tissue, post ganglion n., target organ/tissue

Question 34

Sympathetic innervation to the head: action

Answer 34

shutdown salivary glands and dilate pupils

Question 35

Sympathetic innervation to the extremities (periphery): path

Answer 35

Grey matter, ventral root, spinal n., ramus communicans, ganglion in the sympathetic trunk, ramus communicans, spinal n., dorsal or ventral branch, target tissue

Question 36

Parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal viscera: path and action

Answer 36

slow cardiac output and heart rate. | Brain, cranial nerve 10, vagosympathetic trunk, cranial nerve 10, organ

Question 37

Parasympathetic innervation to head: path and action

Answer 37

Constrict pupil, turn on salivary gland secretion. | Cranial nn. 3,7,9 to organ

Question 38

Parasympathetic innervation to pelvic viscera

Answer 38

Sacral gray matter, spinal n., pelvic n., organs

Question 39

Sympathetic innervation to pelvic viscera

Answer 39

Lumbar grey matter, caudal thoracic/lumbar spinal n., lumbar splanchnic nn., caudal mesenteric ganglion, hypogastric nn., urinary bladder

Question 40

Accessory n. Is functionally classified as

Answer 40

GSE