NERVOUS SYSTEM , MUSCLES AND NOSE

Question 1

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 1

It recieves, processes and tramits information in order to communicate within the body and with the outisde

Question 2

What are the 2 main components of the nervous system?

Answer 2

Peripeheral nervous system (sensory nerves, motor nerves) and Central (brain and spinak cord)

Question 3

What is a stimulus

Answer 3

Anything that triggers the nervous system in an organism

Question 4

Provide exampels of stimuli

Answer 4

Sound, light, smell, touch

Question 5

What is a nerve impulse?

Answer 5

A nerve impulse is a electrical signal transmited by a neuron

Question 6

What is a synapse?

Answer 6

It’s the junction between two neurons, it allows the nerve impulse to transmit from one neuron to the next.

Question 7

What’s a nerve?

Answer 7

A nerve is a bundle of axons that CONDUCTS messages between the external environment to the CNS and regions in the body

Question 8

Give an example of a nerve

Answer 8

Olfactory nerve, auditory nerve

Question 9

What part of the neuron recieves eht singal

Answer 9

The dendrite

Question 10

IN order, name the parts of the neuron a signal travels through

Answer 10

dendrite, cell body, axon, axon terminal, synapse.

Question 11

The peripheral nervous system

Answer 11

Connects different parts of the body to the CNS

Question 12

What’s a sensory recetpr

Answer 12

The sensory receptor is a specialized cell that transforms stimuli into nerve impulses. Like souund/

Question 13

What are sensory nerves?

Answer 13

sensory nerves ar enerves that carry information from the sensory receptor to the CNS

Question 14

What are motor nerves?

Answer 14

Motor nerves carry information from the CNS to muscles or glands in order for the body to respond accordingly. (producing voluntary and involuntary movements)

Question 15

In GENERAL, name the order which information is distributed througout the body

Answer 15

Stimulus, sensory receptor, sensory nerve, CNS, motor nerve, muscle or gland

Question 16

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?

Answer 16

coordinates majority of the nervous system activities

Question 17

What parts is the brain made of?

Answer 17

Cerebellum, cerebrum and brain stem

Question 18

What’s the cerebellum in charge of?

Answer 18

For balance and movement coordination

Question 19

What is the cerebrum in charge

Answer 19

the control centre for voluntary movements, sensory interpretation, intelligence and emotion

Question 20

What is the brain stem in charge of

Answer 20

Involuntary movvements, and internal stimuli (release of heat, secretion of hormone)

Question 21

What is the spinal cord in charge of?

Answer 21

It’s the control centre for reflexes and it carries information from parts of hte body to and from the brain

Question 22

What’s the term of a pathtaken by a nerve impulse during a reflex?

Answer 22

A reflex arc

Question 23

Give an example of a voluntary action

Answer 23

Contraction of your muscles when you wave to your friend

Question 24

Give an example of a reflex

Answer 24

When you take your hand away because you touch something really hot.

Question 25

Give an example of a involuntary movement (not reflex though)

Answer 25

The heart pumping more rapidly when you exercise.

Question 26

Why do reflexes only reach the spinal cord?

Answer 26

It protects your body becuase the path is shorter than if the impulse had to reach the brain, hence the reaction is quicker.

Question 27

What does the muscle do?

Answer 27

It carries out the action commanded by the nerve impulse

Question 28

In a voluntary movement the impulse from the brain can travel 2 directions list them and briefly exolain

Answer 28

When the muscle that' needs to be moved is located at the LEVEL of your head: Brain, motor nerve, muscle ' When the muscle that must be moved is located below the head: Brain, brain stem and spinal cord, motor nerve (carriesinfo fromCNS to the muscle in order for hte appropriate response to happen), msucle

Question 29

Now for a sensation (there are 2 pathways again)

Answer 29

Sensory organ, sensory nerve, brain (sensation originates from the level of the head like stimulus captured by the nose) Sensory organ, sensory nerve, spinal cord and brainstem, brain, (Sesnsation orignates from bellw the head)

Question 30

Characterisitcs of neurons

Answer 30

- they cannot replicate (undergo mitosis) - they function for a life time - require abundunt oxygen and glucose

Question 31

nostrils

Answer 31

external openings of the nasal cavity

Question 32

nasal cavity

Answer 32

Large space located aboe and behind the nose - lined with mucus and cilia

Question 33

Olfactory epithelium

Answer 33

- 5cm 2 - contians chemoreceptor nerve cells which are sensitive to odourant molecules - converts the odour into a nerve impulse

Question 34

olfactory bulb

Answer 34

- located at the tip of the olfactory nerve - contains approximatelely 15 million nerve cells - contains info. to the olfactory nerve

Question 35

Olfactory enrve

Answer 35

- conducts nerve impulse to the olfaactory cortex

Question 36

explain olfactory receptor cells (pathway to the brain also)

Answer 36

-stimulated when an odourant molecu;e is inhaled - stimulus is transofrmed into a nerve impulse by these cells inthe olfactory epitheliuum - the nerve impulse is conducgted along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory corttex) - odour isnt percieved until the impulse has been analyzed byy the brian

Question 37

MUSCLES. How many types? waht are theyt"?

Answer 37

There are 3 types: - striated (skeletal) - smooth - cardiac

Question 38

Describe striated muscle

Answer 38

- stiped or banded appearance - contraction is voluntary (triggered by delibrate effort) - attathed to skeleton - ex. bicep

Question 39

Smooth muslce

Answer 39

- more uniform appearance - contraction is involuntary (not riggerd by delibberate effort) - walls of interal organs - ex. digestive tract

Question 40

Cardiac

Answer 40

- somewhat striated appearance -involuntary (hear pumps) - only the heart

Question 41

main function of muscle

Answer 41

allow us to move (contract and relax)

Question 42

how do msucles carry out this function?

Answer 42

- when msucles contract, they move the bones to which they're attatched to - at rest, theyre elongated. - when they contract, they shorten and thicken

Question 43

INFO about muscles

Answer 43

musclesa are always inserted into 2 or more different bones that are connected at a joint

Question 44

an antagonistic msucle?

Answer 44

muscle pairs with opposing effects. WHen an antagnoistic msucle CONTRACTS, the other muscle in the pair ELONGATES

Question 45

Other functions

Answer 45

maintain posture maintain body temp by releaisng heat during contraction stabilize joints

Question 46

3 properties of cells forming muscle fibres

Answer 46

excitable: they can be stimulated, especially thru transmiton of a nerve impulse contractile: they can shorten elastic: regain their shape when contracted or stretched