Nervous System Regions and Functions Flashcards
1
Q
Describe functions of the nervous system
A
- Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli
- Detect changes within the body, respond to changes
- Receive and interpret sensory info
- Output to muscles
2
Q
Describe function of satellite cells
A
- Wrap around the sensory neuron
- Provide trophic support
- Help maintain the environment around sensory neuron (dorsal route ganglion)
3
Q
Compare grey and white matter distribution
A
- Grey matter is in the peripheral area of the brain
- White matter is central in the brain
- White matter in the spinal cord is in the periphery
- Grey matter in the spinal cord is more central
4
Q
Where are glial cells found (white or grey matter?)
A
Both!
5
Q
What is the PNS composed of?
A
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
- Ganglia (aggregation of neurons just outside the spinal cord)
6
Q
Describe subdivisions of motor system
A
- Somatic is voluntary (CNS to skeletal muscles)
- Autonomic is involuntary (innervate cardiac and smooth muscle and glands, important for homeostasis and endocrine system)
7
Q
Describe subdivisions of autonomic nervous system
A
- Sympathetic (thoracolumbar region - fight or flight)
- Parasympathetic (craniosacral region - rest and digest)
- Two neuron chain - preganglionic originating in the brain or spinal cord, and postganglionic originating from ganglia outside the CNS.
8
Q
Describe sympathetic nervous system
A
- Thoracolumbar
- Activates in the body in emergency
- Pupils dilate
- HR increase
- BP increase
- Blood glucose increase
- Bronchiole dilation
- Sweating
- During exercise, shunts blood to the brain and skeletal muscles
- Preganglionic neurons from the lateral horns of T1-L2. There is an oesophageal plexus, and prevertebral plexus.
- Preganglionic neurons are short, and postgangionic are long
9
Q
Describe Parasympathetic nervous system
A
- Rest and digest, conserves body energy and maintains homeostasis
- Pupils constrict
- Glands secrete
- Digestive tract mobility increases
- Increased smooth muscle activity
- Elimination of faeces
- Elimination of urine
- Preganglionic neurons from brainstem and S2-4 (thoracic plexus and prevertebral plexus)
- Preganglionic neurons are longer than postganglionic neurons
10
Q
Describe separation of the brain into lobes
A
- Central sulcus separates frontal and parietal
- Lateral fissure separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobe
- Parieto occipital sulcus forms border between parietal lobe and occipital lobe
- Limbic lobe swings around the cortex of the brain, between corpus callosum and the other lobes of the brain.
11
Q
What is the function of the corpus callosum?
A
Communication between the hemispheres of the brain
12
Q
Describe the ventricles of the brain
A
- Filled with CSF
- Lateral ventricles are in the hemispheres, with an anterior horn in the frontal and parietal lobes and posterior horn in the occipital lobe. Inferior horn in the temporal lobe
- Connected to the third ventricle in the midline (thalamus is on either side of the third ventricle)
- Third venticle connected to the 4th through the cerebral aquaduct
- 4th ventricle closes off into the central canal
13
Q
Describe function of the hypothalamus
A
Allows us to respond to internal and external environment and maintain homeostasis
14
Q
Describe function of the limbic system
A
- Learning and memory.
- Emotional aspects of behaviour.
- Provides a bridge between endocrine, visceral and emotional responses to the environment.
15
Q
Describe borders of the hypothalamus
A
- Anterior commissure and optic chiasm anteriorly
- Inferiorly to infundibular stalk
- Separated from the thalamus by the hypothalamic sulcus
