Nervous Tissue Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
neuroglia within the CNS
A
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
- microglial cells
- ependymal cells
2
Q
Carries messages from other neurons to the cell body
A
nervous tissue
3
Q
specialized sites of contact between neurons
A
synapses
4
Q
[classification of neurons according to number]
one dendrite and one axon
A
bipolar neuron
5
Q
three (3) main parts of a neuron
A
- soma (cell body)
- axon (nerve fiber)
- dendrites (branches)
6
Q
[PNS]
“voluntary”
A
somatic nervous system
7
Q
carries impulses from the cell body and is covered by a myelin sheath composed of other cells
A
axon
8
Q
[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]
provide protection, metabolic, nutritional, and mechanical support to the neurons
A
neuroglia / glial cells
9
Q
network of fine cellular processes emerging from neurons and glial cells
A
neurophil
10
Q
regulate nutrients and waste exchange for cell bodies
A
satellite cells
11
Q
[ganglia]
where cell bodies of postganglionic autonomic nerves are located
A
autonomic ganglia
12
Q
[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]
- undergo mitosis but do not propagate nerve impulses
- smaller and more numerous
A
neuroglia / glial cells
13
Q
aid production and movement of CSF
A
ependymal cell
14
Q
receive and transmit nerve impulses
A
neuron / nerve cell
15
Q
two (2) types of ganglia
A
- sensory ganglia
- autonomic ganglia
16
Q
location of ependymal cell
A
line ventricles & central canal of CNS
17
Q
the pre-synaptic neurons come in the form of ______________
A
neurotransmitters
18
Q
[PNS]
“flight or fight”
A
sympathetic division
19
Q
PNS consists of
A
- nerve fibers
- ganglia
20
Q
These are the most abundant and the largest of the glial cells
A
astrocytes
21
Q
are a type of glial cells of the peripheral nervous system that helps form the myelin sheath around the nerve fibers
A
schwann cell
22
Q
defense and immune-related activities
A
microglia
23
Q
electrically insulates PNS cell bodies
A
satellite cells
24
Q
location of satellite cell
A
peripheral ganglia
25
ten times more abundant than neurons in the mammalian brain
neuroglial cells
26
These are small, elongated cells with small bean-shaped nucleus and have fewer processes. Assume a thorny appearance
microglia
27
Functionally similar to the microglial cells within the CNS, which helps in clearing the nerve debris
schwann cells
28
white matter & gray matter are found in
central nervous system (CNS)
29
often large, with a large, euchromatic nucleus and well-developed nucleolus. The cytoplasmic contains basophilic Nissl substance or Nissl bodies, which are large masses of free polysomes and RER indicating the cell's high rate of protein synthesis.
cell body
30
have Nissl granules
neuron / nerve cell
31
These are flattened cells that provide structural support to neurons within the ganglia of the PNS
satellite cells
32
[ganglia]
where cell bodies of sensory neurons are located
sensory ganglia
33
responsible for the proper formation of CNS during embryonic development
astrocytes
34
is the trophic center of cells which contains organelles, inclusions, and cytoskeletal structures
cell body / soma / cyton / perikaryon
35
The two (2) anatomic divisions of the nervous system
- central nervous system (CNS)
- peripheral nervous system (PNS)
36
smaller than neurons
neuroglia / glial cell
37
Carries out communication and integration
nervous tissue
38
origin of ependymal cell
neural tube
39
it is histologically and physiology made up of a network of billions of nerve cells known as ________, all assisted by many more supporting cells called ________
neurons, glial cells
40
origin of satellite cell
neural crest
41
ALSO creates myelin sheaths
oligodendrocytes
42
It stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning
nervous tissue
43
origin of oligodendrocyte
neural tube
44
[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]
are the largest cells, specialized to receive information and conduct it as impulses to other parts of the nervous system.
neurons / nerve cells
45
[classification of neurons according to function]
control effector organs such as muscle fibers, exocrine & endocrine glands
motor/efferent neurons
46
Closely associated with neuronal cell bodies in sensory and autonomic ganglia of the PNS
satellite cells
47
______________ also called as presynaptic knob and dendrites of the other nerve
telondria
48
the subsidiary cell of the neurons
neuroglia / glial cell
49
origin of schwann cell
neural crest
50
the far most complex in the human body
nervous system
51
"the cable transmission of neurons"
axon
52
allows for faster action potential propagation along an axon in the PNS
schwann cells
53
the supporting nervous system cells, which provide mechanical and structural support to neurons
neuroglia / glial cell
54
neuroglia within the PNS
- schwann cells
- satellite cells
55
two (2) principal types of cells of a nerve tissue
- neurons / nerve cells
- neuroglia / glial cells
56
It is the chief tissue component of the 2 major parts of the nervous tissue – the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System
nervous tissue
57
other name for schwann cells
neurolemmocytes / neuromyelocytes
58
location of astrocyte
CNS
59
the end of axons usually have many small branches called
telondria
60
- covered by a myelin sheath
axon
61
They are star-shaped or stellate cells with many processes that can terminate at blood vessels or neurons
astrocytes
62
[true or false]
The number of neurons remains identical with age
true
63
extends from the perikaryon, receiving input from the other neurons
dendrites
64
fibrous astrocytes are located in the _________
white matter
65
are the cells in your brain that allow you to think, feel, and move
neurons
66
[PNS]
"involuntary"
autonomic nervous system
67
two (2) types of nerve fibers
- sensory fibers (afferent)
- motor fibers (efferent)
68
Line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord
ependymal cells
69
Assist in the production and circulation of CSF
ependymal cells
70
Neurons form ___________ between two neurons and between neurons and also the sensory or effector organs
synapses
71
protoplasmic astrocytes are located in the _________
gray matter
72
are usually short, tapering, and highly branched structure that forms a tree-shaped array of processes emerging from the cell body receiving input from other neurons
dendrites
73
are gaps along the myelin sheath that covers the axon of neuron cells. They function to recharge the action potential that runs along the axon
nodes of ranvier
74
surround and insulate PNS axons and myelinate those having large diameters
schwann cells
75
These are flattened cells that produce myelin sheath that covers axon or nerve fibers in the PNS
schwann cells
76
These cells are sensitive to injuries and produce chronic pain
satellite cells
77
[PNS]
"rest or digest"
parasympathetic division
78
origin of astrocyte
neural tube
79
[classification of neurons according to number]
with the longer branch extending to a peripheral ending and the other toward the CNS
unipolar / pseudounipolar neuron
80
don't have a basal lamina
ependymal cells
81
support neuronal survival and activities
neuroglial cells
82
"input portions of a neuron"
dendrites
83
[classification of neurons according to number]
with one axon and two or more dendrites, are the most common
multipolar neuron
84
location of oligodendrocyte
CNS
85
[true or false]
The quantity of neuroglia is reduced with age
true
86
phagocytic cells that move through the CNS
microglia
87
fibrous intercellular network of CNS tissue superficially resembles collagen by light microscopy
neurophil
88
- helps form the BBB
- regulates interstitial fluid components
- provides structural support to the CNS
- assists in neuronal development
astrocytes
89
a complex, integrated communication network that functions to detect, analyze, and integrate information arising from chemical and mechanical changes, generated by sensory stimuli
nervous system
90
The nerve impulses conducted by neurons with long, slender projections called _______
axons
91
location of microglia
CNS
92
in a very mature system, is capable of multiplying by themselves
neuroglia / glial cell
93
- doesn't have granules
- doesn't have axons
- doesn't form synapses
neuroglia / glial cell
94
Assume a low columnar, epithelial-like cells or cuboidal shape, and the apical cilia, which facilitate the movement of the cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricle
ependymal cells
95
two (2) types of astrocytes
- fibrous astrocytes
- protoplasmic astrocytes
96
location of schwann cell
peripheral nerves
97
Responds to stimuli
nervous tissue
98
Neurons generate and carry out nerve impulses
nervous tissue
99
CNS consists of
- brain
- spinal cord
100
the efficient units of the nervous system
neuron / nerve cell
101
[choose the correct answer]
sensory fibers
a. afferent
b. efferent
a. afferent
102
[choose the correct answer]
motor fibers
a. efferent
b. afferent
a. efferent
103
the aggregations of cell bodies of neurons within the PNS
ganglia
104
- structural and metabolic support of neurons, especially at synapses
- repair processes
astrocyte
105
- myelin production
- electrical insulation
oligodendrocytes & schwann cell
106
Most _________ are incapable of multiplying and differentiating in an exceedingly mature systema nervosum
neuron / nerve cell
107
In multiple sclerosis, immune cells target the ________________
oligodendrocytes
108
They protect the CNS by engulfing infectious and foreign agents and other potentially harmful substances
microglia
109
[principal types of cells of a nerve tissue]
It is the functional unit in both the CNS and PNS
neurons / nerve cells
110
structural and metabolic support for neuronal cell bodies
satellite cells
111
[classification of neurons according to function]
receptors of sensory stimuli from the environment & from within the body
sensory/afferent neurons
112
three (3) forms of neurons
- sensory neurons
- motor neurons
- interneurons
113
_________ are often 4 μm to 1 mm
neuron / nerve cell
114
origin of microglia
bone marrow (monocyte)
115
[classification of neurons according to number]
with many dendrites but no true axon
anaxonic neuron
116
is a long, thin cylindrical projection wherein components of its plasma membrane and cytoplasm are different from that of the neuron’s cell body
axon
117
Provides electrical insulations to nerve cells and removes debris
nervous tissue
118
- Smaller than astrocytes with fewer processes and have small round or oval dense nucleus.
- Each one wraps myelin around several axons.
oligodendrocytes
119
shortest fiber which stretches out from the soma of a neuron
dendrites
