Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

A group of nerve cells (neurons) in the central nervous system

Question 2

Ganglion

Answer 2

A mass of nerve tissue containing nerve cells (neurons) external to the brain or spinal cord

Question 3

Neurons

Answer 3

The functional unit of the nervous system. Capable of conducting nerve impulses / action potentials

Question 4

Sensory / Afferent Neurons

Answer 4

Conveys nerve impulses toward the central nervous system from spinal and cranial nerves

Question 5

Motor / Efferent Neurons

Answer 5

Conveys nerve impulses away from the central nervous system to the effectors

Question 6

Interneurons

Answer 6

Mainly located within the central nervous system. Account for the majority of all neurons

Question 7

Cell Body

Answer 7

Single nucleus, contains the cytoplasm and the organelles

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

Receive nerve impulses and carry them to the cell body

Question 9

Axons

Answer 9

Carry nerve impulses away from the cell body and toward another neuron, muscle fibre, or a gland cell

Question 10

What are the four parts of an axon?

Answer 10

Axon terminal, synaptic end bulbs, synaptic vesicles, neurotransmitter

Question 11

Axon Terminal

Answer 11

Terminal branches at the end of an axon

Question 12

Synaptic End Bulbs

Answer 12

Distal end of an axon contain synaptic vesicles

Question 13

Synaptic Vesicles

Answer 13

Membrane-enclosed sacs located within the synaptic end bulb containing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Question 14

Neurotranmitter

Answer 14

Chemical released by the motor neuron to allow for communication with an effector. Excitatory at the neuromuscular junction

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

Where all the genetic material is stored

Question 16

Glial Cells

Answer 16

Support and protect neurons. More abundant that neurons in the brain

Question 17

What are the 5 Types of Glial Cells?

Answer 17

Astrocyte
Oligodendrocyte
Schwann cell
Ependymal cell
Microglial cell

Question 18

Astrocyte

Answer 18

Provides structural support, participates in blood-brain barrier, material for neurotransmitters. In the CNS

Question 19

Oligodendrocyte

Answer 19

Makes myelin in the CNS

Question 20

Schwann Cell / Neurolemmocytes

Answer 20

Makes myelin in the PNS

Question 21

Ependymal Cell

Answer 21

Lines cavities of the CNS

Question 22

Microglial Cell

Answer 22

Eats up debris and dead cells and participate in immune response for infections of the CNS

Question 23

An Astrocyte has many ______ processes

Answer 23

Foot

Question 24

Oligodendrocyte produces myelin by?

Answer 24

Reaching out form the cell body and extending along the axons. Wraps myelin around

Question 25

1 Schwann cell will produce __ myelin sheath

Answer 25

1

Question 26

Node of Ranvier

Answer 26

An unmyelinated portion of the axon

Question 27

White Matter Contains?

Answer 27

Myelinated axons of neurons

Question 28

Gray Matter Contains?

Answer 28

Nerve cell bodies Dendrites Unmyelinated axons Neuroglia

Question 29

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 29

The outer layer of the brain

Question 30

Location of white and gray matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 30

White mater - outside Gray matter - inside

Question 31

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

Answer 31

Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

Question 32

Dura Mater

Answer 32

Outermost layer, dense connective tissue

Question 33

Arachnoid

Answer 33

Middle layer. Two parts, one in contact with dura mater, other connects arachnoid with pia

Question 34

Pia Mater

Answer 34

Innermost layer, loose connective tissue tightly adherent to surface of brain/spinal cord

Question 35

Where do you find Trabeculae?

Answer 35

In the arachnoid layer. Connects arachnoid to pia

Question 36

Glyphatic System

Answer 36

At night, space around the arteries in the brain open, allowing CFS to flow in. Brain waste material is dumped into the veins and removed

Question 37

Blood-Brain Barrier

Answer 37

Prevents passage of some drugs and toxins from blood into CNS tissue. Exists because capillaries in the brain are less permeable than capillaries elsewhere

Question 38

Brain capillaries have ______ junctions between _________ cells

Answer 38

Tight/occluding; endothelial

Question 38

___________ foot process surround capillaries and form part of the ________ __________ barrier

Answer 38

Astrocyte; blood brain

Question 39

Plasticity

Answer 39

Capability to change based on experience. Changes may include the sprouting of new dendrites, synthesis of new proteins, and changes in synaptic contracts with other neurons

Question 40

Plasticity is encouraged by _________ factors

Answer 40

Neurotropic

Question 41

Regneration PNS

Answer 41

Can repair damaged dendrites or axons

Question 42

Regeneration CNS

Answer 42

Little to no repairs avaliable

Question 43

Growth of neurons is approximately __ _______ per month

Answer 43

2 inches

Question 44

IF trauma occurs in a peripheral nerve, it could take over __ ________ for the repair and return of sensation and function

Answer 44

2 years

Question 45

If a nerve is completely severed, __________ fibres around the nerve cause the two ends to be _________

Answer 45

Elastic; retracted

Question 46

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 46

An auto-immune disease that causes progressive destruction of the myelin sheaths of neruons in the CNS

Question 47

MS affects females _______ as often as males

Answer 47

Twice

Question 48

In MS myelin sheaths deteriorate to ___________

Answer 48

Scleroses - hardend scars or plaques

Question 49

The trigger to MS is?

Answer 49

Unknown

Question 50

What is an environmental factor to MS?

Answer 50

Living further away from the equator

Question 51

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Answer 51

An acute demyelinating disorder in which macrophages strip myelin sheath from axons in the PNS. May result from the immune system's response to a bacterial infection