Nervous Tissue

Question 1

parts of CNS rich in cell bodies but limited numbers of myelinated axons

Answer 1

Grey Matter

Question 2

region rich in myelinated axons

Answer 2

White Matter

Question 3

Components of the CNS with ectodermal origin.

What are these cells sensitive to?

Answer 3

Neurons
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes

Hypoxia

Question 4

Components of the CNS with mesodermal origin.

How do these cells differ from those of ectodermal origin?

Answer 4

Microglia
Vascular endothelium

Not sensitive to hypoxia

Question 5

Cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 5

Ganglia

Question 6

Cell bodies in the CNS

Answer 6

Nuclei

Question 7

How can you tell the approx. age of a neuron?

Answer 7

By the amount of the wear and tear pigment lipofuscin

Question 8

Other names for a neuron’s cell body

Answer 8

perikaryon, soma

Question 9

Neuron soma characteristics

Answer 9

Euchromatic nucleus
prominent nucleolus
Basophilic cytoplasm

Question 10

What are the three shapes that a perikaryon (cell body) can have and where would you find each type?

Answer 10

1) Round or oval (pyriform) 
– pseudounipolar  neurons
– Purkinje cells in cerebellum
2)Pyramidal (pyramid shaped)
– in brain cortex
3)Stellate
– multipolar motor neurons in spinal cord

Question 11

The distal branch of a neuronal axon that can further branch into multiple axon terminals

Answer 11

Telodendron

Question 12

a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the cell body of another.

Answer 12

axosomatic

Question 13

synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another.

Answer 13

axodentritic

Question 14

synapse between the axon of one neuron and the axon of another.

Answer 14

axoaxonic

Question 15

Synaptic vesicles that are small, pale and round contain what neurotransmitter?

Answer 15

acetylcholine

Question 16

Synaptic vesicles that are pale and oval contain what neurotransmitter?

Answer 16

GABA or glycine

Question 17

Synaptic vesicles that are large with a dense core contain what neurotransmitter?

Answer 17

norepinephrine & epinephrine

Question 18

2 receptors with free (naked) nerve endings

Answer 18

Nociceptors

thermoreceptors

Question 19

5 receptors with encapsulated nerve endings

Answer 19

MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLE
KRAUSE CORPUSCLE
PACINIAN CORPUSCLE
GOLGI ORGAN
MUSCLE SPINDLE

Question 20

Encapsulated mechanoreceptor
for deep pressure.
What appearance will these have?

Answer 20

Pacinian corpuscle

onion appearance

Question 21

Proprioceptive sensory receptor organ/senses stretching

Located at the insertion of skeletal muscle fibers into the tendons

Answer 21

Golgi tendon organ, neurotendinous organ or neurotendinous spindle

Question 22

specialized sensory receptor for muscle stretch and position sense, unconscious maintenance of skeletal muscle tone and proper balance of postural muscle activity

Answer 22

muscle spindle

Question 23

functions of an astrocyte

Answer 23

Transport of Nutrients
Maintenance of extracellular matrix ion content
Neurotransmitter uptake 
Part of  blood brain barrier
Antigen presentation

Question 24

2 types of astrocytes and where they’re found

Answer 24

Protoplasmic (grey matter)

Fibrillar (white matter)

Question 25

Small dark nuclei (between myelin sheaths or around neurons) Develop and maintain myelin in CNS Can be destroyed by viruses/toxins resulting in primary demyleination

Answer 25

Oligodendrocytes

Question 26

_________ is derived from blood-borne monocyte Resident macrophage of CNS When activated during necrosis or inflammation, they are called _________.

Answer 26

Microglia (microgliocytes) Gitter Cells

Question 27

Ciliated cubodial cells lining neural canal, ventricles, choroid plexus Formation of CSF

Answer 27

Ependymal Cells

Question 28

Capillaries with overlying ependymal cells form ___________ and produce ___________.

Answer 28

choroid plexus | cerebrospinal fluid

Question 29

Myelin is snthesized by _________ in the CNS, and ____________ in the PNS. What is the positional difference between the two?

Answer 29

oligodendrocytes Schwann cells Oligos connect to multiple internodes, Schwann cells to 1

Question 30

White matter contains myelinated ______ and ________, and is located _______ in the spinal cord and _______ in the brain.

Answer 30

myelinated axons and glial cells peripheral in spinal cord central in brain

Question 31

Complex phospholipid, lamellar arrangement around axon Galactocerebroside protein

Answer 31

Myelin

Question 32

_________ contains neurons, glial cells, and axons, is peripheral in brain, central in spinal cord

Answer 32

Grey matter

Question 33

In the cerebrum elevations are _______, depressions are _______

Answer 33

gyri | sulci

Question 34

Cerebrum grey matter arises from the _____________

Answer 34

prosencephalon

Question 35

Layers of the cerebral cortext neo cortex

Answer 35

``` L. zonalis L. granularis externa L. pyramidalis externa L. granularis interna L. pyramidalis interna L. multiformis ```

Question 36

________ is the portion of the brain involved with laying down memory tracks. Very sensitive to ________ and _________. Contains numerous ________ receptors

Answer 36

hippocampus and dentate gyrus hypoxia hypoglycemia glutamate

Question 37

elevations of cerebellar parenchyma

Answer 37

Folia

Question 38

depressions separating folia

Answer 38

Sulci

Question 39

3 layers of the cerebellum cortex

Answer 39

Molecular layer Purkinje cell layer Granular cell layer

Question 40

Which part of the brain coordinates body movements

Answer 40

Cerebellum

Question 41

The ________ is the cerebellar white matter, located deep in the cerebellum. It brings ________ and _______ information to and from the cerebellum.

Answer 41

arbor vitae sensory motor

Question 42

What are the 4 layers of the cortex cerebelli grey matter, and what do they contain?

Answer 42

stratum moleculare-basket cells stratum gangliosum-Purkinje cells stratum granulosum-granule cells White matter core-myelinated nerve fibers

Question 43

____________ of ___________ are the ONLY nerve fibers leaving cerebellum

Answer 43

Efferent axons | Purkinje cells

Question 44

_____________ is a disorder where the cerebellum of the brain has not fully formed. There are various causes such as bacterial or viral infections, feline panleukopenia, caused by feline parvovirus, but can also be caused by poisoning, injury or malnutrition.

Answer 44

Cerebellar Hypoplasia

Question 45

The brain stem contains collections of neurons known as | ________ , e.g. “Dorsal and ventral ________________

Answer 45

Nuclei | respiratory groups

Question 46

____________ is the principal control center of the hypophysis (pituitary gland)

Answer 46

Hypothalamus

Question 47

Spinal cord grey matter dorsal horns contain __________ and ________.

Answer 47

sensory neurons and glia

Question 48

Spinal cord intermediate grey matter contains ___________.

Answer 48

autonomic neurons

Question 49

Spinal cord grey matter ventral horns contain __________ and ________.

Answer 49

motor neurons and glia

Question 50

__________ - in dorsal horns, axons go in dorsal funicles to brain

Answer 50

Funicular neurons

Question 51

_____________ – small nerve cells with short axons which do not leave gray matter

Answer 51

Associating neurons

Question 52

Membranous coverings of brain and spinal cord

Answer 52

meninges

Question 53

3 layers of the meninges

Answer 53

Dura mater Arachnoid Pia mater

Question 54

outermost layer of the meninges

Answer 54

Dura mater

Question 55

membrane attached to the dura mater

Answer 55

Arachnoid membrane

Question 56

Layer of meninges that is highly vascular, adherent to brain and spinal cord

Answer 56

Pia mater

Question 57

__________ is a transudate, formed by capillaries and ependymal cells, the choroid plexuses of the lateral, 3rd & 4th ventricles of the brain

Answer 57

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 58

A cluster of arborizing blood vessels covered by a thin connective tissue and ependymal cells Site of CSF production

Answer 58

Choroid Plexus

Question 59

The ___________________ are the site of CSF Drainage

Answer 59

arachnoid granulations/villi

Question 60

The _____________ is a layer of delicate connective tissue around the myelin sheath of each myelinated nerve fiber

Answer 60

endoneurium

Question 61

Nerve fibers are bundled into groups called nerve fascicles, each fascicle within its own protective sheath called a _____________.

Answer 61

perineurium

Question 62

In sufficiently large nerves multiple fascicles, each with its blood supply and fatty tissue, may be bundled within yet another sheath, the ___________.

Answer 62

epineurium