Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microscopic Anatomy > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the urinary system:

  1. __________________ homeostasis
  2. Excretion of _______________, and excess _______
  3. Production of hormones: _________ and ___________.
  4. Regulation of blood pressure with the _________________.
  5. Activation of ___________
A
  1. Water and electrolyte
  2. toxic metabolite waste products and excess water
  3. renin and erythropoietin
  4. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
  5. vitamin D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A
  1. Fibrous capsule
  2. Renal cortex
  3. Renal Medulla
  4. Corticomedullary junction
  5. Renal papilla
  6. Adipose tissue in renal sinus
  7. Renal sinus
  8. Renal lobe
  9. Ureter
  10. Renal pyramid
  11. Renal vein
  12. Renal pelvis
  13. Renal artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

Cp – capsule

C – renal cortex

M – renal medulla

P – renal papilla

U – ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the ________, and they are the site of osmoregulation via:
–___________ of small molecules from blood plasma to form a filtrate
–_______________ of most of the water and other molecules from the filtrate

A

Filtration

Selective reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The renal cortex contains what 6 structures?

A
  1. RENAL CORPUSCLES
  2. Proximal convoluted tubules
  3. Nephron loops (of Henle)
  4. Distal convoluted tubules
  5. Collecting tubules
  6. Peritubular capillary plexuses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The renal medulla contains what 3 things?

A
  1. Nephron loops of Henle
  2. Collecting ducts and vasa recta (straight arterioles)
  3. Interstitial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Main 2 parts of the renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus

Glomerular capsule aka Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cells of the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule

A

podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cells of the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule

A

Squamous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

___________ form fenestrated glomerular capillaries

A

endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

________ cells are between the fenestrated capillaries

A

Mesangial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In section the _______ are a distinctive feature of kidney cortex

A

Renal corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The long processes as foot projections called ________, of the ________ wrap around the capillaries, and leave slits between them. Blood is filtered through these slits, each known as a ____________.

A

pedicels

podocytes

filtration slit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

___________ capillaries allow ______ sized molecules in blood to pass from the glomerular capillary into the urinary space of the renal corpuscle. Formed elements, _______ and molecules ______ than this remain in blood.

A

fenestrated

smaller

albumin

larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_________ enters the tubular system via the urinary pole

A

Filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Some molecules are __________ and _________ to the blood of the peritubular plexus and vasa recta

A

reabsorbed

returned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary/glomerular filtrate is produced by ultrafiltration of blood in the ____________. The composition of ultrafiltrate is similar to blood plasma, it does not contain _______.

A

renal corpuscle

proteins

18
Q

What is reabsored in the proximal convoluted tubules?

A

water

most of Na+

all glucose

all amino acids

19
Q

It is the tubular secretion of ______and _______ from the blood into the tubular fluid that helps to keep blood pH at its normal level. ______ is also secreted.

A

H+ (hydrogen) and NH4+ (ammonium)

K+ (Potassium)

20
Q

Numerous pores – fenestrations in the _________ of the ____________ enable the passage of all the non-cellular elements of blood.

A

Endothelium of the glomerular capillary

21
Q

The ______________ is a fused basal laminae of capillaries and podocytes serve as a glomerular ultrafilter. Albumin (m. w. 68,000) & larger molecules are retained; all smaller molecules cross freely through this filter.

A

glomerular basement membrane

22
Q

___________ with their inter-digitating trabeculae and _______ form slit pores between processes, and the _________ part of Bowman’s capsule.

A

Podocytes

pedicles

visceral

23
Q

___________ cells are contractile phagocytic cells that have receptors for ___________ and _________. They provide some structural support to the capillaries as well.

A

Mesangial cells

Angiotensin II and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

24
Q

Glomerular Filtrate Pathway

A
  • Urinary space of Bowman’s capsule
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Nephron loop
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Collecting and papillary duct
  • Calyx or renal pelvis
25
Q

Proximal convoluted tubules are lined by a _______________________ with apical microvilli or “________”

A

single layer of cuboidal tubular epithelial cells

brush border

26
Q

Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) are present in ______ only. Once they enter the _______ they are known as __________

A

cortex

medullary

proximal straight tubules

27
Q

Only difference between proximal and distal convoluted tubules

A

Distal will not have microvilli

28
Q

Lining of the nephron loop varies from _________ in the thin segments to _________ in the thick segment

A

squamous

simple cuboidal

29
Q

Nephron loops parallel the course of ________, facilitating ion and water exchange

A

vasa recta

30
Q

Cells of the _________ are the main target cells of aldosterone

A

distal convoluted tubules

31
Q

The ___________ is an area of closely packed specialized cells lining the wall of the thick ascending limb, at the transition to the distal convoluted tubule, and are sensitive to the concentration of sodium chloride

A

macula densa

32
Q

Modified smooth muscle cells called ____________ cells of mainly afferent and to a lesser degree efferent arteriole. These cells detect variations in __________ (baroreceptors) and secrete ______ into vessel lumen.

A

juxtaglomerular

blood pressure

renin

33
Q

The terminal portion of the collecting tubules are papillary ducts which empty at the area _______ of the renal crest or papilla (species dependent)

A

cribrosa

34
Q

__________ cells in the collecting ducts reabsorb Na and H2O under ADH control.

A

Principal cells

35
Q

___________ cells in the collecting ducts participate in acid-base balance

A

intercalated cells

36
Q

Tunica mucosa in bladder lined with transitional epithelium or _________

A

urothelium

37
Q

Bulging cells of transitional epithelium in the bladder are called _________ and protect the lining.

A

umbrella cells

38
Q

Bladder lamina propria mucosae does not have _____ or _____________.

A

glands

lamina muscularis mucosae

39
Q

Difference between epithelium and mesenchyme

A

epithelium

  • continuous sheet of polarized cells
  • apical and basal regions separated by tight junctions

mesenchyme

  • loosely associated nonpolarized cells
40
Q

During renal development in mammals the _________ and __________ are transient structures that serve as _______ organs during in utero development. The _________ forms the definitive kidney.

A

pronephros and mesonephros

excretory

metanephros

Microscopic Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions