Digestive System

Question 1

Enamel produced by tall columnar cells called….

Answer 1

ameloblasts

Question 2

dentin produced by…

Answer 2

odontoblasts

Question 3

cementum produced by

Answer 3

cementoblasts

Question 4

tooth pulp composed of

Answer 4

loose CT and nerve

Question 5

in the tooth fibroblasts form the

Answer 5

periodontal ligament

Question 6

4 coats/tunics of digestive organs

Answer 6

Mucosa
Submucosa (+/-)
Muscularis
Serosa

Question 7

What 3 sections is the mucosa broken up into?

Answer 7

Inner epithelium
Middle lamina propria
Thin outer muscularis mucosae

Question 8

The _____________ is a thin layer of loose connective tissue, or dense irregular connective tissue, which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa.

Answer 8

lamina propria

Question 9

The ____________ is a thin layer of muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the ___________ and separating it from the submucosa.

Answer 9

lamina muscularis mucosae

lamina propria

Question 10

____________ is a serous membrane: peritoneum, pleura

Always lined by MESOTHELIUM

Answer 10

Tunica Serosa

Question 11

This layer has looser connective tissue than in lamina propria, facilitates motility of the mucosa, and may contain glands, vessels, a nerve plexus, and lymphatic nodules

Answer 11

Tunica submucosa

Question 12

The _____________ (or ___________) provides motor innervation to both layers of the _____________, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input.

Answer 12

myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus)
tunica muscularis

Question 13

The enteric plexus control the _______ and _____________ of the organ

Answer 13

glands and smooth muscle

Question 14

T. Serosa = ____________ + loose connective tissue +/- adipose tissue

Answer 14

MESOTHELIUM

Question 15

T. Adventitia =________________ only

Answer 15

loose/dense

connective tissue

Question 16

The_____________ is continuous with mesentery, omentum, pleura.

Answer 16

tunica serosa

Question 17

Most of the esophagus has an outer layer of tunica adventitia composed of ______ connective tissue without mesothelium.

Answer 17

loose

Question 18

Mucous membrane in stomach can be non-glandular or ___________ or glandular lined by ____________________

Answer 18

cutaneous

simple columnar epithelium

Question 19

junction between glandular and non-glandular stomach in equine

Answer 19

margo plicatus

Question 20

Increased surface with stratified squamous epithelium with ______________ enhance passive absorption of Volatile Fatty Acids in rumen.

Answer 20

desmosomes

Question 21

The reticulum’s proventricles are lined with _________________epithelium

Answer 21

Stratified

Squamous keratinized

Question 22

______________ are invaginations of the lining epithelium in the stomach

Answer 22

Gastric pits

Question 23

The ___________ regiona of the stomach is composed mostly of mucous glands

Answer 23

Cardiac region

Question 24

The _________ region is composed mainly of proper gastric glands (________ and ________ cells)

Answer 24

Fundic

parietal and chief

Question 25

Cardiac Gland Region - near esophageal stomach junction composed mainly of ___________ and few parietal cells

Answer 25

mucous glands

Question 26

What type of cells are in the gastric pits of the fundic region, and what do they secrete?

Answer 26

parietal (secrete hydrochloric acid) | chief cells/peptic (produce pepsinogen)

Question 27

Pyloric Region has _______ glands and _____ cells that produce the GI hormone _______

Answer 27

mucous G cells gastrin

Question 28

CHIEF/ PEPTIC cells are _____philic, secrete _____________ in adult, and ___________ (also known as rennin in ruminants) in infants (function is to curdle the milk). This allows further digestion along the intestine.

Answer 28

basophilic PEPSINOGEN CHYMOSIN

Question 29

PARIETAL cells are_____philic, secrete _____ and _______ needed for vitamin B12 absorption vitamin

Answer 29

HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 30

These cells are large, round, have an extensive eosinophilic (acidophilic) cytoplasm and centrally located nucleus.

Answer 30

Parietal cells

Question 31

______ cells, also called ______ cells, and zymogenic cells are basophilic (blue) with granular cytoplasm and dense basally located nuclei.

Answer 31

Chief cells | peptic cells

Question 32

A _________ is a glandular, modified simple columnar epithelial cell whose function is to secrete gel-forming mucins, the major components of mucus. More numerous further down the GI tract starting in the small intestines.

Answer 32

goblet cell

Question 33

________ X _______ X _________ = Increased absorptive area

Answer 33

Plica circularis X Villi X Microvilli

Question 34

Villi are confined to the small | intestine. At the base of the villi are the ______________, corresponding to invaginations of the lining epithelium.

Answer 34

crypts of Lieberkühn

Question 35

___________ (or duodenal glands) are compound tubular submucosal glands found in the duodenum. The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion (containing bicarbonate)

Answer 35

Brunner's glands

Question 36

________ are blind-ended lymphatic vessels in intestinal villi. The ______ found in these structures is filtered through intestinal lymph nodes before ultimately reentering the blood at the jugular veins

Answer 36

Lacteals | chyle

Question 37

___________ are aggregations of lymphoid nodules present in the lamina propria and submucosa of the small intestine. Seen in distal _______ and ______, but varies according to species.

Answer 37

Peyer's patches jejunum ileum

Question 38

Absorptive cells in intestinal epithelium

Answer 38

enterocytes

Question 39

__________ are found throughout the small intestine just below the crypts of Lieberkühn with large eosinophilic refractile granules that consist of several anti-microbial compounds and other compounds that are known to be important in immunity and host-defense

Answer 39

Paneth cells

Question 40

____________ also known as ___________ and/or argentaffin; primarily localized in crypts, produce gastrointestinal hormones or peptides in response to various stimuli and release them into the bloodstream for systemic effect.

Answer 40

Enteroendocrine cells | enterochromaffin

Question 41

Pigs and horses have flat bands called __________, composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers

Answer 41

taenia coli

Question 42

The ____________ has both villi and intestinal glands also | known as crypts of Lieberkühn

Answer 42

Small intestine

Question 43

The___________ there are no villi, surface is smooth, only | crypts of Lieberkühn are present

Answer 43

Large intestine

Question 44

The __________ has Brunner's glands in tunica submucosa

Answer 44

Duodenum

Question 45

________________are present in pigs and dogs. These glands are located in the submucosa and muscularis of the anal canal

Answer 45

Tubuloacinar anal glands

Question 46

Present in the subcutis around the anus in dogs. Composed of sebaceous glands in the upper portion and nonsebaceous glands in the lower portion

Answer 46

circumanal glands

Question 47

Major salivary glands:

Answer 47

parotid sublingual submandibular

Question 48

Minor are intramural:

Answer 48

``` lingual palatal labial buccal zygomatic (carnivores) molar (cats) ```

Question 49

Predominantly mucous secreting gland

Answer 49

salivary gland

Question 50

_____________ is the functional unit in salivary glands, and are secretory subunits of lobules. They consist of all the secretory cells that release their products into a single _____________.

Answer 50

Adenomere | intralobular duct

Question 51

Liver sinusoids have a unique ___________

Answer 51

DUAL BLOOD SUPPLY

Question 52

Each lobe of the liver is covered by __________ located over a connective tissue layer, known as the _____________________

Answer 52

mesothelium | capsule of Glisson

Question 53

_______ is an exocrine secretion of the liver; important in the digestion of lipids

Answer 53

Bile

Question 54

What are the 2 poles of a hepatocyte

Answer 54

bile pole | vascular pole

Question 55

____________ is a thin tube that collects bile secreted by hepatocytes. These merge and form bile ductules, which eventually become common hepatic duct.

Answer 55

Bile canaliculus

Question 56

Fenestrated capillary (without diaphragms, do not have basal lamina): Proteins synthesized by liver cells need to get into the blood via the ___________

Answer 56

Hepatic sinusoid

Question 57

The ________________ is a location in the liver between a hepatocyte and a sinusoid. It contains the blood plasma. Microvilli of hepatocytes extend into this space, allowing proteins and other plasma components from the sinusoids to be absorbed by the hepatocytes

Answer 57

space of disse

Question 58

Lipids and carbohydrates are stored in the liver in the form of __________ and ____________

Answer 58

triglycerides | glycogen

Question 59

Liver macrophages

Answer 59

Kupffer cells

Question 60

__________ is a componant of the hepatic lobule and consists of a branch of the hepatic artery, branch of the portal vein, and bile ductules are seen at the edges

Answer 60

portal triads

Question 61

The __________ is the functional unit of the liver and is roughly divided into zones that correspond to distance from the _________________.

Answer 61

hepatic acinus | arterial blood supply

Question 62

Pancreas resembles a serous salivary parotid gland, from which it differs in that: 1. ____________________ 2. _____________________ 3. ______________________

Answer 62

1. Pancreas has no striated ducts 2. The duct system in pancreas is less developed 3. Pancreas has endocrine pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

Question 63

_____________, the secretory cell of the pancreas, contains _______________ granules

Answer 63

Pancreatic Acinar Cell | orange zymogen granules

Question 64

What is the endocrine cell of the pancrease?

Answer 64

Islet of Langerhans