Network Elements, Routing Flashcards by Prabhash K P

The factors that determine the nature of a LAN are
1) Topology
2) Transmission medium
3) Medium access control technique

All of them

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LAN relates to ______ w.r.t ISO model
1) higher layer protocols
2) lower layer protocols

2) lower layer protocols
(higher layer protocols are independent of network architecture)

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The functions associated with providing service to the LAN users comprise
1) LLC
2) MAC
3) both
4) none

both
MAC: Medium Access Control
LLC: Logical Link Control

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A special type of tree topology
1) star
2) bus
3) ring

bus
tree can be considered as multiple interconnected bus networks

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To implement ring network topology, one uses
1) FDDI
2) SONET
3) Token Ring

All of them
FDDI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface
SONET: Synchronous Optical Network

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In _________ topolgy, medium access control is needed to determine when each station may insert frames
1) star
2) bus
3) ring
4) tree

ring

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The two alternatives for the operation of the central node in star topology
1) to operate in broadcast fashion
2) ________

to act as a frame switching device

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The two alternatives for the operation of the central node in star topology
1) ________
2) to act as a frame switching device

to operate in broadcast fashion

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MAC (Medium Access Control) can be implemented in
1) centralized fashion
2) distributed fashion

both

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Round robin is
1) centralized fashion
2) distributed fashion

may be centralized or distributed

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Polling is an example of
1) centralized fashion
2) distributed fashion

centralized fashion

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Reservation is
1) centralized fashion
2) distributed fashion

may be centralized or distributed

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For bursty traffic, an appropriate MAC technique is
1) round robin
2) reservation
3) contention

contention

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The MAC frame includes
1) LLC PDU
2) CRC

both
LLC: Logical Link Control
CRC : The cyclic redundancy check field ( also known as the frame check
sequence, FCS, field)

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MAC and LLC stand for

MAC: Medium Access Control
LLC: Logical Link Control

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The ________ layer is responsible for detecting errors and discarding any frames that are in error
1) MAC
2) LLC

MAC layer

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The ____ layer optionally keeps track of which frames have been successfully
received and retransmits unsuccessful frames
1) MAC
2) LLC

LLC layer

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Ethernet access method
1) CDMA
2) CSMA
3) CSMA/CD

3) CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect
IEEE 802.3 Medium Access Control

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_______ include a repeater function
1) Passive hubs
2) active hubs

active hubs

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Advantages of the newer 10 BaseT hubs are
1) Each port has exclusive access to its bandwidth (no CSMA/ CD)
2) Hubs may be cascaded to add additional ports
3) include an SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) agent
4) used to connect workgroup hubs to form a larger network

1,2,3
4 is for switch

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SNMP stands for

Simple Network Management Protocol

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They establish logical connections between ports based on MAC
addresses
1) layer-2 switches
2) layer-3 switches

layer-2 switches
?? (layer-2 switches: network address)

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Use ______ switches for segmenting existing network into smaller collision domains to improve performance
1) layer-2 switches
2) layer-3 switches

layer-2 switches

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____ are based on routing
technologies
1) layer-2 switches
2) layer-3 switches

layer-3 switches
(layer-2 switches are based on bridging technologies)

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____ are based on bridging technologies 1) layer-2 switches 2) layer-3 switches

layer-2 switches (layer-3 switches are based on routing technologies)

They establish logical connections between ports based on network addresses 1) layer-2 switches 2) layer-3 switches

layer-3 switches (layer-2: MAC address)

The IEEE ______ specification is the standard for bridges. 1) 802.1A 2) 802.1B 3) 802.1C 4) 802.1D

802.1D

________ interconnect Ethernet segments. 1) Hubs 2) Bridges 3) Switches

Bridges

it is _________ (possible/not possible) to interconnect different segments which use different MAC protocols

possible

bridges work at the MAC layer layer-2 layer-3

layer-2 MAC layer

Bridges work at the _____________ of the OSI model. 1) Physical 2) Data Link 3) Network 4) Transport

Data Link layer

bridges use _______ addresses to create routing table 1) source 2) destination

source addresses

If a bridge knows the location of the destination node, it forwards the packet to it. If it does not know the destination, 1) it blocks the packet 2) it forwards the packet to all segments.

it forwards the packet to all segments.

small delays can be introduced using bridges (T/F)

Routers work at the _____________ of the OSI model. 1) Physical 2) Data Link 3) Network 4) Transport

Network (or higher)

The routing table maintained by a bridge contains _____ for each node 1) Media Access Control sublayer addresses 2) network numbers

Media Access Control sublayer addresses

The routing table maintained by a router contains 1) Media Access Control sublayer addresses 2) network numbers

network numbers (router works at network layer or higher)

Routers _________ broadcast messages 1) forward 2) don't forward

don't forward (broadcast storms can be isolated)

a router _______ (can/cannot) route a packet from a TCP/IP Ethernet network to a server on a TCP/IP Token Ring Network

can route (As packets are passed from router to router, Data Link layer source and destination addresses are stripped off and then recreated)

Routers look at 1) destination node address 2) network address 3) both

network address only

which of the following protocols are non-routable 1) XNS 2) LAT 3) IPX 4) NetBEUI

all of them

remote administration and configuration via 1) HSL 2) SNMP 3) OSPF

1) SNMP

In routing, the ________ the metric, the better is the path 1) smaller 2) higher

smaller

__________ cost router are faster routes 1) lower 2) higher

lower

Routing through links with greater bandwidth _____ provide the best routes T/F

F does not always. If high-speed link is busy, low-speed link might be faster at that time.

distance vector routing and link state routing are 1) static routing algorithms 2) dynamic routing algorithms

dynamic routing algorithms

IP RIP is an example of 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

distance vector routing

________do not take line bandwidth into account when choosing the routes 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

distance vector routing

routers with _______ routing has no knowledge of distant routers and how they interconnect 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

distance vector routing

_____algorithm maintain a complex database of topology information 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

ink state routing (also known as shortest path first (SPF)

shortest path first (SPF) refers to 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

link state routing

Examples of link state routing protocols 1) OSPF 2) RIP 3) NLSP 4) IS-IS

1,3,4 (IRP is distance vector) OSPF: Open shortest path first NLSP: NetWare Link Services Protocol IS-IS: Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System

In link state routing _______ are passed from one router to neighboring router 1) copies of routing tables 2) link state packets

link state packets

In distance vector routing, _______ are passed from one router to neighboring router 1) copies of routing tables 2) link state packets

copies of routing tables

______ has faster convergence 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

link state routing

Interior routing protocols 1) OSPF 2) RIP 3) BGP

OSPF and RIP (Routing Information Protocol) (BGP is exterior routing)

Exterior routing protocols 1) OSPF 2) RIP 3) BGP

BGP

In routing, the ________ the hop count, the better is the path 1) lower 2) higher

lower

A conglomeration of variables that change with internetwork conditions, delay is common and useful metric

distributed Bellman-Ford routing algorithm and the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm are the names of 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

distance vector routing algorithm

It was the original ARPANET routing algorithm and was also used in the Internet under the name RIP 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

distance vector routing

___ do not take line bandwidth into account when choosing the routes 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

distance vector routing

Updates are triggered by events. Results in faster convergence 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

link state routing

Periodic & Frequent Updates results in slow convergence 1) distance vector routing 2) link state routing

Distance vector routing

____ is of concern to service providers and other large or complex networks 1) Interior Routing 2) Exterior Routing

Exterior Routing