Network Protocols Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are network protocols?
Network protocols are sets of rules and conventions that determine how devices communicate over a network. They ensure data is sent, received, and understood correctly.
At which OSI layer do network protocols mainly operate?
Network protocols operate mainly at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, which is responsible for packet forwarding and routing.
What are the key responsibilities of network protocols?
Their responsibilities include path determination, packet forwarding, logical addressing (using IP addresses), and packet fragmentation and reassembly.
What is IP (Internet Protocol)?
IP is a network protocol used to deliver packets from the source host to the destination host based on their IP addresses. It defines the addressing method and routing system.
What does ICMP stand for and what does it do?
ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. It is used to send error messages and operational information, such as when a service is unavailable or a host cannot be reached.
What is ARP and why is it used?
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to map an IP address to a physical MAC address in a local network. It helps in finding the hardware address of a device based on its IP.
What is meant by packet fragmentation and reassembly?
Packet fragmentation occurs when a large data packet is split into smaller fragments to fit the network’s maximum transmission unit. Reassembly is the process of putting these fragments back together at the destination.
How do network protocols ensure data is routed correctly?
They use logical addressing (IP addresses) and routing algorithms to determine the best path for data to travel across the network.
What is the function of path determination in network protocols?
Path determination involves choosing the most efficient route for data to travel from source to destination, considering network topology and routing tables.
How do network protocols relate to routers?
Routers use network protocols like IP and ICMP to forward packets between networks, make routing decisions, and report errors or unreachable hosts.
What happens if a network protocol does not follow standard rules?
If protocols don’t follow standard rules, communication can break down — leading to lost data, incorrect routing, or incompatibility between devices.
Can a single network packet pass through multiple networks using different protocols?
Yes. Protocols like IP are designed to be universal, so packets can travel across different network segments and types (e.g., Wi-Fi, Ethernet) as long as each network supports IP.
