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MBB > NEURAL SIGNALING > Flashcards

NEURAL SIGNALING Flashcards

1
Q

a difference in the concentration of charged
particles between one point and another.

A

Electric potential

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2
Q

The charge difference across the plasma
membrane is called the

A

resting membrane potential

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3
Q

Ion that has the greatest influence on resting membrane potential

A

Potassium (bcos the plasma membrane is more permeable to K+)

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4
Q

At equilibrium _____ is about 40 times as
concentrated in the ICF as in the ECF.

A

Potassium

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5
Q

At equilibrium ______ is about 12 times as concentrated in the
ECF as in the ICF.

A

Sodium

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6
Q

The chemical (ligand) binds to receptors on the neuron. This opens

A

ligand-gated sodium channels
that allow Na+ to flow into the cell.

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7
Q

case in which the voltage shifts to a less negative value is called

A

depolarisation

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8
Q

short-range change in voltage produced by gated channels on soma and dendrites

A

Local potential

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9
Q

the site of generation of action potentials in a neuron.

A

Axon hillock

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10
Q

rapid up-and-down shift in voltage produced by voltage gated channels on the trigger zone and axon is

A

Action potential

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11
Q

Resting membrane potential is maintained by

A

leak channels and Na+/K+ pump

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12
Q

Voltage gated Na+ channels is blocked by_____ which extracellularly bind to the channel

A

Tetradoxin (TTX) In puffer fish

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13
Q

Voltage gated Na+ channels is blocked by_____ which Intracellularly bind to the channel

A

Lidocaine ( local anesthetic)

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14
Q

Voltage gated K+ channels is blocked by_____ which extracellularly bind to the channel

A

4-aminopyridine
Tetraethylammonium

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15
Q

For anything more to happen, this local potential must rise to a critical voltage called the threshold

A

-55mv

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16
Q

Action potentials are non decremental means

A

They don’t get weaker with distance.

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17
Q

Drug X applied to a nerve axon decreases the duration of the action potential without
affecting the resting potential or peak amplitude of the action potential. Which of the
following is the most likely mechanism of action of Drug X?

(A) Block of voltage-dependent Na+ permeability

(B) Decrease in the rate of Na+ inactivation

(C) Decrease in voltage-dependent Na+ permeability

(D) Increase in the rate of voltage-dependent changes in K+ permeability

(E) Inhibition of the Na+–K+ pump

A

(D) Increase in the rate of voltage-dependent changes in K+ permeability

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17
Q

Which of the following types of ion channels is responsible for
generating graded potentials in response to neurotransmitter
binding?
a) Voltage-gated ion channels
b) Ligand-gated ion channels
c) Leak channels
d) Mechanically gated ion channels

A

b) Ligand-gated ion channels

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17
Q

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs):

a) Depolarize the postsynaptic membrane
b) Increase the likelihood of an action potential
c) Hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane
d) Enhance synaptic transmission

A

c) Hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane

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17
Q

Which of the following ions plays a key role in the depolarization
phase of an action potential?
a) Sodium (Na+)
b) Potassium (K+)
c) Calcium (Ca2+)
d) Chloride (Cl-)

A

a) Sodium (Na+)

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18
Q

Which of the following events occurs directly after the depolarization phase
of an action potential?
a) Repolarization
b) Hyperpolarization
c) Refractory period
d) Synaptic transmission

A

a) Repolarization

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19
Q

young woman with vision problems indicate

A

multiple sclerosis

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20
Q

damage to axons distal to injured nerve

A

wullerian degeneration

21
Q

peripheral nerve regenerate at the rate of

A

3mm/day

22
Q

most common tumor in adults

A

Astrocytoma

23
Q

Tinnitus, facial weakness, and vertigo neoplasm would affect

A

Schwannoma (peripheral nerves )

24
Q

Rabies ptx have

A

negri bodies

25
Q

Electrical synapses occur

A

gap junctions

26
Q

At presynaptic neuron to NMJ, The arrival of a nerve signal at the axon terminal
opens

A

voltage-gated calcium channels.

27
Q

Amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters are
similarly reabsorbed, then broken down within the axon
terminal by an enzyme called

A

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

28
Q

NE, other monoamines, and neuropeptides
act through second-messenger systems

A

cyclic AMP (cAMP).

29
Q

Na+ flowing into the cell and neutralizing some of the
negative charge on the inside of the membrane is what type of potential

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

30
Q

A neurotransmitter hyperpolarizes the
postsynaptic cell and makes it more negative
than the RMP. This potential is ______

A

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

Opening of Cl- channel causing influx into the cell

31
Q

when a single synapse generates EPSPs so quickly
that each is generated before the previous one
fades.

A

Temporal summation

32
Q

when
EPSPs from several synapses add up to
threshold at the axon hillock.

A

Spatial summation.

33
Q

excitatory brain neurotransmitters that
produce EPSPs.

A

Glutamate and aspartate

34
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters that produce IPSPs and

A

Glycine and GABA

35
Q

ACh excites skeletal muscle but inhibits cardiac muscle because of different
types of ACh receptors.

A

Muscuranic- cardiac muscles
Nicotinic - skeletal muscle ad neurons

36
Q

Location of glycine

A

brain, spinal cord and retina

37
Q

location of GABA

A

thalamus, occipital lobes of cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, retina

38
Q

The neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory (75% of EXCITATORY SYNAPSES ) is _______
located in the

A

Glutamate
cerebral cortex and brain stem

39
Q

Neurotransmitter for dreaming, waking, mood, excites cardiomyocytes is ______ & located in the

A

Norepinephrine
hypothalamus, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord,cerebral cortex

40
Q

Epinephrine unlike norepinphrine acts on

A

Adrenal medulla

41
Q

neurotransmitter high in substantia nigra of midbrain, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebellum, spinal cord, retina

A

dopamine (controls mood and skeletal muscles )

42
Q

neurotransmitter secreted by platelets, and intestinal cells involved in sleepiness, alertness, thermoregulation and mood

A

serotonin

43
Q

neuropeptide that mediates pain transmission

A

Substance p

44
Q

Neuropeptides that act as analgesics by inhibiting substance p, inhibit intestinal mobility and modulate immune response

A

Enkephalins

45
Q
A
46
Q
A
47
Q
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48
Q
A
49
Q
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50
Q
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51
Q
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52
Q
A

MBB (13 decks)

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