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Pharmacology 1 Brandon's additional Cards > Neuro 1 > Flashcards

Neuro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

activation of presynaptic metabotropic receptors do what?

A

inhibit calcium channel function

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2
Q

activation of post-synaptic metabotropic receptors do what?

A

activate K channels

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3
Q

does the majority of CNS communication occur through chemical synapses or electrical coupling?

A

chemical synapses

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4
Q

Describe steps of cholinergic transmission

A
  1. Ca influx in
  2. Calcium triggers fusion of synaptic vesicles with presysnpatic membranes
  3. Release of Ach
  4. Ach stimulates cholinergic receptors
  5. Ach-E hydrolyzes Ach into choline and acetate
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5
Q

normal resting membrane potential?

A

-70mV

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6
Q

10 sites of drug actions

A
  1. AP propagation (not focusing on this)
  2. synthesis
  3. storage
  4. metabolism
  5. release
  6. re-uptake
  7. degradation
  8. Receptor for the transmitter
  9. receptor-induced increase of decrease in ion conductance
  10. retrograde signaling - (directly from post synaptic membrane)
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7
Q

How do all drugs work in CNS?

A

by modifying some step in chemical synaptic transmission

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8
Q

Sites of presynaptic drug actions?

A

synthesis, storage, metabolism, release of neurotransmitters

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9
Q

post synaptic drug actions?

A

agonist or antagonist

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10
Q

What are the two types of cellular organizations within the brain?

A

Hierarchical system
nonspecific (diffuse) system

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11
Q

two types of neurons in hierarchical system?

A

relay (projection) neurons
local circuit neurons

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12
Q

is hierarchical sensory or motor?

A

both

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13
Q

Characteristics of Relay (projection) neurons?

A

rare
release glutamate (excitatory)
transmit signals over long distance
relatively large cells

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14
Q

characteristics of local circuit neurons?

A

smaller than projections
release GABA or Glycine (inhibitory)

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15
Q

Two “types” of neurons in non-specific (diffuse) system?

A

contain monamines
noradrenergic system

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16
Q

Name 3 monoamines?

A

NE
Dopamine
serotonin

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17
Q

what kind of receptors does noradrenergic system act on?

A

metabotropic receptors

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18
Q

are noradrenergic effects long lasting?

A

yes

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19
Q

what functions does noradrenergic system play an important role in?

A

sleeping, waking, attention, appetite, and emotional state

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20
Q

Where are cell bodies of the noradrenergic system found?

A

locus caeruleus

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21
Q

describe the axons in noradrenergic system

A

fine, unmyelinated and conduct impulses very slowly

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22
Q

name the three amino acids

A

Glutamate
GABA
Glycine

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23
Q

Acetylcholine in CNS works on what receptors?

A

most responses mediated by G-protein coupled receptors

(Muscarinic receptors, nicotinic are inotropic)

24
Q

When acetylcholine binds M2 receptors what happens?

A

opens K chanels

25
Q

When acetylcholine binds M1 receptors what happens?

A

excitatory response (more prevalant)

26
Q

How do muscarinic effects of Ach in CNS compare to nicotinic effects of effects of amino acids?

A

much slower

27
Q

Cholinergic transmission play an important role in cognitive functions and especially __________?

A

memory

28
Q

What converts glutamate to glutamine? And where does this happen?

A

glutamine sythetase
glial cell

29
Q

What converts glutamine to glutamate?and where does this occur?

A

glutaminase
presynaptic neuron

30
Q

What concentrates glutamate in vessicles?

A

vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT).

31
Q

What does glutamate interact with after release from presynaptic membrane?

A

AMPA, KA, and NMDA ionotropic receptors

and

metabotropic receptors (mGluR) (Type I,II,III)

Most on the post synaptic cell, type II III on presynaptic cell

32
Q

Does AMPA or NMDA receptor need to be activated first?

A

AMPA

33
Q

What terminates synaptic transmission of glutamate?

A

transport of glutamate into neighboring glial cell by a glutamate transporter

34
Q

Where are glutamate transporters?

A

on glial cells

35
Q

Glutamate characteristics?

A

excitatory neurotransmitter

released via Ca dependent exocytosis

neurons are highly sensitive to glutamate

plays an important role in pain stimuli

36
Q

What does NMDA stand for?

A

N-methyl-D-aspartate

37
Q

What does NMDA receptors require?

A

glutamate binding + glycine binding at a separate site

38
Q

Name the types of glutamate metabotropic receptors

A

I, II, & III

39
Q

Where are type I metabotropic receptors? What do they do and how?

A

post synaptic neuron
excitation by activating non-selective cation channels.

activate phospholipase C > IP3 mediated intracellular Ca release

40
Q

where are type II and III metabotropic receptors And what do they do?

A

presynaptic neuron and act as inhibitory autoreceptors, inhibit Ca channels > decrased neurtransmitter release.

Cause inhibition of adenyl cyclase which decrases cAMP generation

41
Q

What are the two inhibitory neurotransmitters of the CNS?

A

GABA and Glycine

42
Q

What types of GABA receptors are there?

A

GABAa and GABAb

43
Q

GABAa receptor characteristics?

A

post-synaptic
mediate the fast component of inhibitory APs
ionotropic receptors that are selectively permeable to Cl

44
Q

GABAb receptor charctersistics?

A

pre or post synaptic
mediate the slow component of inhibitory APs
metabotropic receptors
Either: inhibit Ca, or activate K channels
Both inhibit AC and then decrease cAMP

45
Q

Which GABAb receptors inhibit Ca channels?

A

presynaptic

46
Q

Which GABAb receptors activate K channels?

A

post synaptic

47
Q

Why is post synaptic inhibition via GABAb receptors long lasting and slow?

A

the coupling of receptor activation to K channel opening is indirect and delayed

48
Q

How to GABAb receceptors work?

A

inhibit adenylyl cyclase and decrase cAMP generation

49
Q

Where is glycine?

A

restricted to spinal cord and brain stem

50
Q

Where is GABA?

A

present throughout the CNS

51
Q

Glycine and GABAa receptors are both selectively permeable to what anion?

A

Cl-

52
Q

Drugs that act on pre synatptic Na 1.6 glutamate receptor?

A

phenytoin, carbmazepine (tegretol), lamotrigine, lacosamide

Prank Call Lo Lo

53
Q

Meds acting in excitatory glutamate synapse minus the Na 1.6 chanel

A

Ruby gets pampered real pretty every day

retigabine (ezogabine) - pre synaptic K7
gabapentin - pre synaptic alph 2 gamma Ca
pregabalin - pre synaptic alph 2 gamma Ca
retigabine - post synaptic K7
perampanel - post synaptic AMPA chanel
ethosuximide - post synaptic t type Ca channel
dimethadione - post synaptic t type Ca channel

54
Q

Meds that act in GABA synapse?

A

Very tight break prevent

Vigabatrin block GABA-T (GABA transaminase)

Tigabine block GAT-1 (GABA transporter 1)

Benzos synaptic GABAa receptor
Primadone > phenobarbital synaptic GABAa receptor

55
Q

When are extrasynaptic GABAa receptors bound?

A

when there are high levels of GABA from blocking GABA T

Pharmacology 1 Brandon's additional Cards (7 decks)

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