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Pharmacology 1 Brandon's additional Cards > Neuro 1 > Flashcards

Neuro 1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

activation of presynaptic metabotropic receptors do what?

A

inhibit calcium channel function

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2
Q

activation of post-synaptic metabotropic receptors do what?

A

activate K channels

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3
Q

does the majority of CNS communication occur through chemical synapses or electrical coupling?

A

chemical synapses

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4
Q

Describe steps of cholinergic transmission

A
  1. Ca influx in
  2. Calcium triggers fusion of synaptic vesicles with presysnpatic membranes
  3. Release of Ach
  4. Ach stimulates cholinergic receptors
  5. Ach-E hydrolyzes Ach into choline and acetate
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5
Q

normal resting membrane potential?

A

-70mV

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6
Q

10 sites of drug actions

A
  1. AP propagation (not focusing on this)
  2. synthesis
  3. storage
  4. metabolism
  5. release
  6. re-uptake
  7. degradation
  8. Receptor for the transmitter
  9. receptor-induced increase of decrease in ion conductance
  10. retrograde signaling - (directly from post synaptic membrane)
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7
Q

How do all drugs work in CNS?

A

by modifying some step in chemical synaptic transmission

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8
Q

Sites of presynaptic drug actions?

A

synthesis, storage, metabolism, release of neurotransmitters

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9
Q

post synaptic drug actions?

A

agonist or antagonist

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10
Q

What are the two types of cellular organizations within the brain?

A

Hierarchical system
nonspecific (diffuse) system

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11
Q

two types of neurons in hierarchical system?

A

relay (projection) neurons
local circuit neurons

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12
Q

is hierarchical sensory or motor?

A

both

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13
Q

Characteristics of Relay (projection) neurons?

A

rare
release glutamate (excitatory)
transmit signals over long distance
relatively large cells

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14
Q

characteristics of local circuit neurons?

A

smaller than projections
release GABA or Glycine (inhibitory)

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15
Q

Two “types” of neurons in non-specific (diffuse) system?

A

contain monamines
noradrenergic system

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16
Q

Name 3 monoamines?

A

NE
Dopamine
serotonin

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17
Q

what kind of receptors does noradrenergic system act on?

A

metabotropic receptors

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18
Q

are noradrenergic effects long lasting?

A

yes

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19
Q

what functions does noradrenergic system play an important role in?

A

sleeping, waking, attention, appetite, and emotional state

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20
Q

Where are cell bodies of the noradrenergic system found?

A

locus caeruleus

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21
Q

describe the axons in noradrenergic system

A

fine, unmyelinated and conduct impulses very slowly

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22
Q

name the three amino acids

A

Glutamate
GABA
Glycine

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23
Q

Acetylcholine in CNS works on what receptors?

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A

most responses mediated by G-protein coupled receptors

(Muscarinic receptors, nicotinic are inotropic)

24
Q

When acetylcholine binds M2 receptors what happens?

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A

opens K chanels

25
When acetylcholine binds M1 receptors what happens?
excitatory response (more prevalant)
26
How do muscarinic effects of Ach in CNS compare to nicotinic effects of effects of amino acids?
much slower
27
Cholinergic transmission play an important role in cognitive functions and especially __________?
memory
28
What converts glutamate to glutamine? And where does this happen?
glutamine sythetase glial cell
29
What converts glutamine to glutamate?and where does this occur?
glutaminase presynaptic neuron
30
What concentrates glutamate in vessicles?
vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT).
31
What does glutamate interact with after release from presynaptic membrane?
AMPA, KA, and NMDA ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors (mGluR) (Type I,II,III) Most on the post synaptic cell, type II III on presynaptic cell
32
Does AMPA or NMDA receptor need to be activated first?
AMPA
33
What terminates synaptic transmission of glutamate?
transport of glutamate into neighboring glial cell by a glutamate transporter
34
Where are glutamate transporters?
on glial cells
35
Glutamate characteristics?
excitatory neurotransmitter released via Ca dependent exocytosis neurons are highly sensitive to glutamate plays an important role in pain stimuli
36
What does NMDA stand for?
N-methyl-D-aspartate
37
What does NMDA receptors require?
glutamate binding + glycine binding at a separate site
38
Name the types of glutamate metabotropic receptors
I, II, & III
39
Where are type I metabotropic receptors? What do they do and how?
post synaptic neuron excitation by activating non-selective cation channels. activate phospholipase C > IP3 mediated intracellular Ca release
40
where are type II and III metabotropic receptors And what do they do?
presynaptic neuron and act as inhibitory autoreceptors, inhibit Ca channels > decrased neurtransmitter release. Cause inhibition of adenyl cyclase which decrases cAMP generation
41
What are the two inhibitory neurotransmitters of the CNS?
GABA and Glycine
42
What types of GABA receptors are there?
GABAa and GABAb
43
GABAa receptor characteristics?
post-synaptic mediate the fast component of inhibitory APs ionotropic receptors that are selectively permeable to Cl
44
GABAb receptor charctersistics?
pre or post synaptic mediate the slow component of inhibitory APs metabotropic receptors Either: inhibit Ca, or activate K channels Both inhibit AC and then decrease cAMP
45
Which GABAb receptors inhibit Ca channels?
presynaptic
46
Which GABAb receptors activate K channels?
post synaptic
47
Why is post synaptic inhibition via GABAb receptors long lasting and slow?
the coupling of receptor activation to K channel opening is indirect and delayed
48
How to GABAb receceptors work?
inhibit adenylyl cyclase and decrase cAMP generation
49
Where is glycine?
restricted to spinal cord and brain stem
50
Where is GABA?
present throughout the CNS
51
Glycine and GABAa receptors are both selectively permeable to what anion?
Cl-
52
Drugs that act on pre synatptic Na 1.6 glutamate receptor?
phenytoin, carbmazepine (tegretol), lamotrigine, lacosamide Prank Call Lo Lo
53
Meds acting in excitatory glutamate synapse minus the Na 1.6 chanel
Ruby gets pampered real pretty every day retigabine (ezogabine) - pre synaptic K7 gabapentin - pre synaptic alph 2 gamma Ca pregabalin - pre synaptic alph 2 gamma Ca retigabine - post synaptic K7 perampanel - post synaptic AMPA chanel ethosuximide - post synaptic t type Ca channel dimethadione - post synaptic t type Ca channel
54
Meds that act in GABA synapse?
Very tight break prevent Vigabatrin block GABA-T (GABA transaminase) Tigabine block GAT-1 (GABA transporter 1) Benzos synaptic GABAa receptor Primadone > phenobarbital synaptic GABAa receptor
55
When are extrasynaptic GABAa receptors bound?
when there are high levels of GABA from blocking GABA T

Pharmacology 1 Brandon's additional Cards (7 decks)

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