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FRCR 2B Prep > NEURO > Flashcards

NEURO Flashcards

1
Q

Confluent white matter lesions - Child

A

ADEM
MS
Dysmyelinating disease
Treatment-related leukoencephalopathy

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2
Q

Confluent white matter lesions - Adult

A

Vasculopathy
Demyelinating disease
Neoplasm
Atypical infection
Treatment-related leukoencephalopathy

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3
Q

Sellar/suprasellar Mass - Child

A

Craniopharyngioma - cystic w/ calcs
Germ cell tumour
Rathke cleft cyst
Optic nerve/Hypothalamic glioma - NF-1
Hypothalamic hamartoma

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4
Q

Posterior Fossa Mass - Child

A

Medulloblastoma - roof of 4th ventricle, subarachnoid seeding
Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Ependymoma - floor of the 4th ventricle
Brainstem glioma
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour - ATRT

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5
Q

Posterior Fossa Mass - Adult

A

Infarction
Metastatic disease
Haemangioblastoma
Vascular Malformation
Hypertensive haemorrhage

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6
Q

Calcified Brain Mets

A

Adenocarcinoma - breast, lung
SCC - lung, cervix
Sarcoma - osteosarcoma
Mucinous adenocarcinoma - colorectal, ovarian

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7
Q

Haemorrhagic Brain Mets

A

Melanoma
RCC
Choriocarcinoma
Thyroid Ca
Lung Ca
Breast Ca
HCC

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8
Q

Ring-enhancing Lesion

A

Neoplasm (mets, multicentric glioma, lymphoma)
Abscess
Subacute infarct
Demyelinating disease
Resolving contusion
Toxoplasmosis

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9
Q

Pineal Mass

A

Pineal cyst
Germ cell tumour - hyperdense, central cals, drop mets
Pineal cell tumour - pineoblastoma vs pineocytoma - periphery cals, drop mets
Tectal plate glioma
Meningioma

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10
Q

Posterior Fossa CSF collection/cyst

A

Mega cisterna magna
Arachnoid cyst
Dandy-Walker continuum - Dandy walker malformation / variant
Blake Pouch Cyst
Joubert syndrome - vermin hypoplasia

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11
Q

CPA mass

A

Vestibular Schwannoma
Meningioma
Arachnoid cyst
Epidermoid - high on T2, hypo on flair
Lipoma - chemical shift artefact and fat suppress

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12
Q

Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation

A

Chiari malformation
Intracranial hypotension
Ependymoma (mimic)
Posterior fossa mass

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13
Q

CSF lined cortical cleft

A

Schizencephaly - lined by grey matter
Porencephalic cyst - lined by white matter
Encephalomalacia

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14
Q

Enhancing intra-medullary spinal lesion /mass

A

Ependymoma - ADULTS ; haemosiderin T2 hypointense cap ; cellular (cervical) vs myxopapillary variant (conus, film, caudal equina)
Astrocytoma - CHILD ; cervical most common
Demyelinating disease - usually posterolateral cord
Haemangioblastoma - subpial, dorsal location
Mets - lung, breast, melanoma, lymphoma, RCC

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15
Q

Intradural extramedullary spinal tumour

A

Nerve sheath tumour - Schwannoma (MOST COMMON, dumb-bell , foramina enlargement, posterior scalloping) vs neurofibroma (target sign)
Meningioma (broad dural base)
Mets - lung, breast, melanoma ; astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, GCT, choroid plexus neoplasm, ependymoma
Lymphoma/ leukaemia
Paraganglioma - T2 hyperintense avidly enhancing mass, inc MIBG activity

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16
Q

Diffuse infiltrating temporal lobe mass/oedema

A

Herpes encephalitis
Ischaemia/ infarction
Gliomatosis cerebri - diffuse inv 3 or more lobes ; no / minimal enhancement
Limbic encephalitis –> paraneoplastic syndrome - lung, breast ; insidious symptom onset
Status epilepticus

17
Q

Cortically based cystic temporal lobe mass in patient with seizures

A

Ganglioglioma -> mixed solid cystic, cortical expansion & bone remodelling
DNET -> bubbly multi cystic w/ cortical dysplasia
Pleomorphic astrocytoma -> cystic with enhancing mural nodule
Taylor dysplasia -> cortical signal abnormality tapering toward the ventricles

18
Q

Intraparenchymal haemorrhage

A

Haemorrhage infarct
Vascular malformation & ass aneurysm ; popcorn appearance on MR
Haemorrhagic neoplasm –> GBM ; lung, breast, RCC, thyroid, melanoma
Contusion
Cerebral amyloid disease

19
Q

Corpus Callosum Lesion

A

Demyelinating disease
Neoplasm - GBM, Lymphoma
Ischaemia/oedema Diffuse axonal injury
Toxic demyelination - Marchiafava-Bignami

20
Q

Subependymal Nodules

A

Tuberous Sclerosis
Heterotopic Grey Matter
TORCH infection - esp CMV
Metastatic disease

21
Q

Intraventricular Mass

A

Meningioma
Choroid plexus tumour
Central neurocytoma - soap bubble appearance
Ependymoma/ Subependymoma
SEGA

22
Q

Cerebellar atrophy

A

Alcohol abuse
Anticonvulsant therapy
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Multisystem atrophy - hot cross bun in the pons
Ataxia Telengiectasia
Friedreich Ataxia

23
Q

Spinal cord signal abnormality

A

Demyelinating disease - posterolateral aspect, little oedema
Transverse myelitis
Intramedullary neoplasm - ependymoma / astrocytoma
Cord contusion
Cord Ischaemia
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord - involves posterior columns in inverted V appearance

24
Q

Solitary region of cortical and subcortical signal abnormality in an adult

A

Ischaemia/infarct
Neoplasm
Cerebritis
Contusion
Seizure oedema

25
Q

Epidural Spinal mass

A

Disc extrusion
Epidural haematoma
Epidural abscess
Metastatic disease
Epidural lipomatosis
Synovial cyst

26
Q

Prominent perventricular / basal ganglia cystic lesions

A

VR spaces
Ischaemia
Infection - crytococcus (basal ganglia - gelatinous pseudocysts) ; Neurocysticercosis ( vesicular - scolex - cyst with dot sign ; colloidal & granular - ring and nodular enhancement with oedema ; nodular - calcification)
Mucoplysaccharidosis
Neuroepithelial cyst
Cystic neoplasm

27
Q

Clot

A

Acute: Isointense T1 ; High T2
Subacute: Low T1

FRCR 2B Prep (10 decks)

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