NEURO Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
Cranial nerves responsible for eye movement
A
III - Occulomotor
IV - Tronchlear
VI - Abducens
2
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
Responsible for facial movements and Anterior 2/3 of tongue
A
VII - Facial
3
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
Responsible for hearing and taste of Posterior 1/3 of the tongue
A
VIII - Acoustic
4
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
Responsible for Mastication
A
V - Trigeminal
5
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
Responsible for Gag reflex and PNS activation
A
X - Vagus
6
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
Responsible for tongue movement
A
XII - hypoglossal
7
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
Neck and Shoulder movement
A
XI - Spinal Accessory
8
Q
SPINAL NERVES
Number of Spinal nerves
A
CERVICAL - 8
THORACIC - 12
LUMBAR - 5
SACRAL - 5
COCCYGEAL - 1
9
Q
SPINAL NERVES
What part of the body Cervical SN controls?
A
Diaphragm
Chest wall muscles
Shoulder
Upper Extremities
10
Q
SPINAL NERVES
What part of the body thoracic SN controls?
A
Upper body
GI functions
11
Q
SPINAL NERVES
What part of the body Lumbar, Sacral and coccygeal controls?
A
Lower body
Bowel and bladder movement
12
Q
ANS
- FIGHT or FLIGHT response
- release of Norepinephrine
- Adrenergic response
A
Sympathetic Nervous System
13
Q
ANS
SIGNS of SNS Response
A
- inc BP
- inc. HR
- bronchodilation
- inc. RR
- Dry mouth
- constipation
- urinary retention
14
Q
ANS
- Rest and Digest
- inc in acetlycholine
- dec. in. body activity
- cholinergic response
A
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
15
Q
ANS
Signs of PSNS response
A
- dec. HR
- dec. BP
- bronchoconstriction
- dec. RR
- inc. salivation
- diarrhea
- urinary frequency
16
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
S/SX of dysfunctions in CN I?
A
- Anosmia
17
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
S/SX of dysfunctions in CN II?
A
- blurring of vision/blindness
18
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
S/SX of dysfunctions IN CN III, IV, VI?
A
- anisocoria (uneven pupils)
- nystagmus (Involuntary eye movement)
- diplopia
19
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
S/SX of dysfunctions in CN V?
A
- Trigeminal Neurologia
- Tic Douloureux
20
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
S/SX of dysfunctions in CN VII
A
- Bell’s Palsy
21
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
S/SX of dysfunctions in CN VIII
A
- hearing loss
- tinnitus
- vertigo
22
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
S/SX of dysfunctions in CN IX?
A
- Dysphagia
23
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
S/SX of dysfunctions in CN X?
A
-Dysphagia
- inc. GI secretion
24
Q
CRANIAL NERVES
S/SX of dysfunctions in CN XI?
A
- Unable to move
25
**CRANIAL NERVES**
S/SX of dysfunctions in CN XII?
- Tongue protrusion
- tongue deviation
26
**Cranial Nerves**
What is the longest, shortest and largest cranial nerves?
largest - abducens
smallest - tronchlear
longest - vagus
27
**CRANIAL NERVES**
Cranial nerves that are both sensory and movement nerves?
- Trigeminal
- Facial
- Glosspharyngeal
- Vagus
28
- Increased pressure in the skull
- compresses the brain and blood vessels
Increased Intracranial Pressure
29
**Increased ICP**
Predisposing factors of inc. ICP
- **S**troke (hemorrhagic)
- **T**umor
- **I**nflammation
- **T**rauma
- **C**erebral Edema
- **H**ydrocephalus
30
**Increased ICP**
- its stated that the skull is a closed **vault**. An inc. in one component increases ICP.
Monro Kelle Hypothesis
31
**Increased ICP**
What is the normal ICP?
0 - 15 mmHg
32
**Increased ICP**
the hole in base of the brain that houses the medulla oblongata?
Foremen Magnum
33
**Increased ICP**
what happens in the medulla oblongata that causes respiratory arrest?
- Compression of the MO
34
**Increased ICP**
Early signs of inc. ICP
- vision changes
- severe headaches
- dec. in LOC
- Pupilary Changes
- Paresis (weakness)
35
**Increased ICP**
Late signs of inc. ICP?
- BP inc
- widen pulse pressure
- dec. RR
- **CHAYNE STOKES**
- Projectile vomiting
- Abn Posture
- (+) Babinski
- hemiplegia
- seizures
- coma
36
**Increased ICP**
Management
- HOB
- Evaluate neuro
- Check RR
- Avoid straining, coughing, comiting
- **SAFETY**
- Limit fluids
- prevent hypoxemia
37
**Increased ICP**
Med Management:
- Corticosteroids - prevent cerebral edema
- Diuretics - Mannitol and Loop
38
A chromic autoimmune disease that destroys the myelin sheath of the CNS
Multiple Sclerosis
39
**MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS**
What destroy the myelin sheaths?
T - cells
40
**MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS**
TRIAD signs of:
- Dysarthia
- Nystagmus
- Intension tremor
Charcot’s Triad
41
**MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS**
Sign that heat makes s/sx of MS worse
Uhtoff’s Sign
42
**MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS**
Diagnostics in MS
- CSF analysis presence of oligoclonal bands (protein) in CSF
- MRI - CONFIRMATORY
- Lhermitte’s sign
43
**MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS**
Shock like sensation from the spine to the limbs when bending neck forward
Lhermitte’s Sign
44
**MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS**
Management of MS
Palliative
- prevent Uhtoff’s sign
- Assistive devices e.g. grab bars
- side rails up
- turn pt q 4hrs; q 1hr if elderly
- assist passive ROM q2 = prevent contractures
- avoid stress
- assist and plasmapharesis = removes t cells in the plasma
45
**MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS**
Medical Management
- Corticosteroids
- Corticotropin
- **Baclofen** and Dactrolene Na- muscle relaxant
- Propranolol - for tremors
for Chronic MS:
- Beta interferon - **AVONEX, REBIF**
46
idiopathic disease that causes atrophy of the brain due to deficiency of somatostatin, ACH, noreepinephrine with a initial sign of **PROGRESSIVE MEMORY LOSS**
Alzheimer’s Disease
47
**ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE**
5 A’s
Amnesia
Anomia
(-) ACH
Agnosia
Aphasia
48
**ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE**
Diagnostics
CT SCAN - progressive brain atrophy
AUTOPSY - CONFIRMATORY after death
49
**ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE**
MEDICATION
Arisept DOC
50
**ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE**
Management
Neuro Management
priority: **SAFETY**
51
- a degenerative disease
- movement disorder
- no weakness
- slow and progressive
- common in men
Parkinson’s Disease
52
**PARKINSON’S DISEASE**
What causes for the pt diagnosed of PD experiences resting tremors, akinesia and hypertonia
Decreased in dopamine
53
**ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE**
SIGNS of PD
- Pill rolling tremors
- progressive small handwritting
- stooped posture
- nuchal rigidity
- dysphagia
- antihistamines keeps tremors down
54
**ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE**
MEDICATION MANAGEMENT:
- LEVODOPA and CARBIDOPA
- ARTANE - improves rigidity
55
**ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE**
MANAGEMENT
- NEURO MANAGEMENT
- maintain good nutrition
- safety precaution
- inc. fluid and fiber intake
56
**ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE**
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
- DEC CHON - AM
- INC CHON - PM (induces sleep)
- meds are taken before meals - inc absorption
- inform pt discoloration of body fluids due to meds
57
Spinal shock
- Inflamed __
- all VS are __
- tetraplegia/quadreplegia or paraplegia
- DOC: __
- position?
- ✅catheter kasi ❌__
Spinal shock
- Inflamed SC
- all VS are ⬇️
- tetraplegia/quadreplegia
- DOC: IV steroids
- ✅flat on bed
- ✅catheter kasi ❌full bladder
58
Autonomic dysreflexia
- Affects only __
- happens if ___
- ano vs ang mataas at mababa
- with ___ ✅HIGH FOWLERS
- ❌____ nakaka ⬆️kasi bp
- ✅catheterize and anti ___
Autonomic dysreflexia
- Affects only C1-T6
- happens if FULL BLADDER
- HPN w throbbing headache but ⬇️HR
- Nasal congestion ✅HIGH FOWLERS
- ❌constrictive clothing nakaka ⬆️kasi bp
- ✅catheterize and anti HPN
59
Phenytoin (Dilantin) AE ha not SE
Agranulocytosis (⬇️WBC) —sore throat & fever— refer!
60
Any form of infxn is __
Report to MD
61
Inc ICP position unconscious and conscious
- Conscious: S. fowler head midline
- unconscious: S. fowler head on side
62
Parkinson’s cardinal sx TRB
TREMORS (initial sx) RIGIDITY BRADYKINESIA
63
GIVE THE MNGT
PILL ROLLING
Cogwheel rigidity Pitik2x shoulder
Bradykinesia
✅movt of fingers—PILL ROLLING
✅passive ROM—Cogwheel rigidity
Pitik2x shoulder
✅walker —Bradykinesia
64
Levodopa given 30-45 before meals avoid?
Vit B6 (antidote) or ⬇️CHON
65
(levodopa at carbidopa)
Sinemet
66
Doc of trigeminal neuralgia, bawal mag?
Tegretol anti convul
❌toothbrush ✅mouthwash
67
Bacteria at Virus causative agent of GBS
DOC
Campilobacter jejuni
Epstein barr virus
Erythromycin
