Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Rn 2024 > Pediatrics Nursing > Flashcards

Pediatrics Nursing Flashcards

(112 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the EARLY signs of increased ICP?

A

INFANT: high pitch cry/ Shill cry
CHILD: Aggitation
ADULT: Restlessness
GERIA: Confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

SIGNS of Increased ICP in Infants:

A

Increased head circumference
Bulging Fontanelles
Headache
Diplopia (double vision)
Pupillary Changes
Sunset Eyes
Anorexia, Nausea, Weight loss
Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is the time Anterior and Posterior Fontanelles closes?

A

A. Fontanelle: DIAMOND 12-18 mos
P. Fontanelle: TRIANGLE 2-3 mos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

INITIAL SIGN of increased ICP?

A

HEADACHE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

One pupil is dilated the other is constricted? (O.o)

A

Anisocoria = brain Damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What may be the cause of both dilated pupils?

A

SHOCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What may be the cause of both constricted pupils?

A

Narcotic OD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to the eye because of Increased ICP?

A

Sunken Eyes (PUPILS are lower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contraindicated meds for pedia’s w/ increased ICP?

A

OPIATES AND SEDATIVES
(Further increases ICP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mngt for increased ICP (pedia)?

A

Semi fowlers
Coughing/sneezing avoided
limit fluid intake (1200-1500 a day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Med Management for increased ICP (pedia)?

A

Diuretics
Steroids(dexamerthasone) - prevent cerebral edema
anticonvulsants
anticoagulants - prevent clumping of blood in the brain
antacids - prevent GI irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Med Management for increased ICP (pedia)?

A

Diuretics
Steroids(dexamerthasone) - prevent cerebral edema
anticonvulsants
anticoagulants - prevent clumping of blood in the brain
antacids - prevent GI irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antidote for HEPARIN and WARFARIN?

A

HEPARIN: Protamine Sulfate
WARFARIN: Vit. K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Infection of the Meninges

A

Bacterial Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diagnostics for Bacterial Meningitis?

A

Lumbar Puncture
CSF Analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what vertebrae is accessed in Lumbar Puncture?

A

L3, L4. L5,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Position for Lumbar Puncture?

A

C- shape, fetal, kneechest/genopectoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CSF Analynsis:
Normal color of CSF?

A

Clear
CLOUDY = Infection
- Elevated WBC
- Elevated protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causative agent of bacterial meningitis?

A

neisseria Meningitides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

S/SX
KERNIG’S
BRUZINKI’s

A

KERNIG’S: Knee -> flex -> (+) pain in the hamstring

BRUDZINKI’S: Batok -> flex-> (+) pain in the neck and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Other S/SX of bacterial meningitis

A

Nuchal Rigidity: body moves as one unit
Opisthotonus: arching of the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Difference between Concussion and Contusion

A

Concussion: Jarring of the brain (BAGOK)
Contusion: Bruising; structural alteration due to extravasation of blood (BUKOL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

INFANT CAR SEAT

A

<3 y/o = rear facing (Protect the spine)
>3y/o = front/forward facing; booster seat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

An erratic transmission of electrical impulse in the brain

A

Seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
**TYPE OF SEIZURE:** Known as generalized seizure
Grand Mal
26
**TYPE OF SEIZURE:** “Absent Seizure” ; blank facial expression - automatism - lip smaking
Petite Mal
27
Tonic-clonic of a group of muscle which can lead to grand mal
Jacksonian
28
**TYPE OF SEIZURE:** - Mental clouding and intoxication - not common in children
Psychomotor
29
**TYPE OF SEIZURE:** - Temperature increasing from 35c to 40c - common in children
Febrile Seizure
30
**TYPE OF SEIZURE:** - brain damage can occur - can last to up to 30 mins.
Status Epilepticus
31
Management of Seizure
1st choice: Medication 2nd Choice: Surgery
32
Medical Management of Seizure:
- Phenytoin - Benzodiazepines - Carbamazepines - Valporic acid
33
Phenytoin precautions
WOF: Gingival hyperplasia - use soft bristled toothbrush - meticulous oral care - inform patient about pinkish/red urine
34
Valporic Acid precautions
- use as last resort - hepatotoxic - never given in pregnancy - can cause neural tube defects
35
Surgical Management of Seizure
Neurectomy - surgical resection of cranial nerve involved in the seizure.
36
CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS (PEDIA)
37
LAYERS of the HEART
Endocardium: innermost Myocardium: Muscle > Contraction; Middle Pericardium: Outermost
38
- Ductus arteriosus is still present after delivery - acyanotic
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
39
Pathognomonic Sign of PDA
Machine-like murmurs
40
DOC for PDA
Indomethacin - Prostaglandin inhibitor
41
What maintains the patency of ductus arteriosus
Prostaglandins
42
- A congenital disease - a hole in the septum of the heart - acyanotic
Atrial Septal Defect Ventricular Septal Defect
43
Management of ASD/VSD
- Surgery by suture - Dacron Patch
44
2 types of Dacron Patch
- Tissue/Cardiac tissue - low rejection rate (most preferred) - Plastic - high rejection rate
45
- Narrowing of the aorta - specifically in the descending aorta
Coarctation of the Aorta
46
What are the VS in the L. extremities and U. extremities?
UE - high VS LE - low vs UE - BP high; Pulse bounding LE - BP low; Pulse weak/absent
47
Compensation made by the heart cause by the narrowed aorta
Rib notching -> rib deformity
48
Management of CoA
Balloon angioplasty w/ coronary stenth
49
**CoA** type of permanent stent used in this surgery
Mesh
50
- A congenital heart disease caused by 4 defects in the heart? - Cyanotic
Tetralogy of Fallot
51
the 4 problems of Tof
- Pulmonary Stenosis - R. Ventricular hypertrophy - overriding of the aorta - VSD
52
Primary problem in ToF?
Pulmonary Stenosis
53
**ToF:** What is the compensatory mechanism in ToF?
R. Ventricular Hypertrophy
54
**ToF:** What allows the mixing of blood?
overriding of the aorta
55
**ToF:** What keeps the patient alive in ToF?
VSD - relieves the pressure on the Right Ventricle
56
**ToF:** A sign in which there is decreased venous -> decreased cardiac output which lead to cardiac rest?
Squatting
57
TRIAD of ToF
TET SPELLS - irritability - pallor - blackout/convulsions
58
other signs and symptoms of ToF
- cardiomegaly - clubbing of nails (naumbok) - pan systolic murmurs - Boot shaped heart via 2D echo
59
Palliative surgical mngt of ToF
Blalock-Taussig Shunt - relieves s/sx - goal: oxy>deoxy - anastamosis (pagdugtungin) of PA and Aorta using subclavian artery
60
- Aorta is connected in the RV - PA is connected in the LV - cyanotic
Transposition of the Great Arteries (ToGA)
61
S/Sx of ToGA
- Severe Respi depression - Failure to thrive - no murmurs heard due to weak contractions
62
**ToGA:** What is needed to be maintained for the patient to be alive?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
63
**ToGA:** Medical Management:
Prostaglandin E
64
Surgical Management of ToGA
Jatane Switch/ Arterial Switch - must be done during the 1st week of life of the newborn
65
Surgical Management of ToGA
Jatane Switch/ Arterial Switch - must be done during the 1st week of life of the newborn
66
An autoimmune disease caused by GABHS
Rheumatic Fever
67
**Rheumatic Fever:** Signs/Symptoms
Inflammation of: - heart - joints - blood vessels - brain Sore throat which can lead to **acute glomerulonephritis**
68
**Rheumatic Fever:** Criteria used to diagnose RF
Jones Criteria **MAJOR:** -**J**oint pain - Carditis - **N**odules - Subq - **E**rythema Marginatum - trunk - **S**ydenham Chorea **MINOR:** - increased TEMP - 950 - titer - antistreptolysin - ESR + CRP - inflammatory marker
69
**Rheumatic Fever:** JONES CRITERiA
2 MAJOR or 1 MAJOR + 2 MINOR
70
**Rheumatic Fever:** Medical Management:
- Penicillin - Aspirin - Steroids/NSAIDs - Phenobarbital/Diazepam
71
2 Types of heart failure:
**RSHF:** Systemic Manifestations **LSHF:** Pulmonary Manifestations
72
2 Types of heart failure:
**RSHF:** Systemic Manifestations **LSHF:** Pulmonary Manifestations
73
**HEART FAILURE:** Diagnostics
- Chest X-RAY - 2d ECHO - Pulse OX - PWCP for LSHF - CVP for RSHF
74
**HEART FAILURE:** Management
- Fowler’s Position - O2 Therapy - Inotropics: Increases Cardiac Output - LANOXIN/DIGOXIN
75
**HEART FAILURE:** DIGOXIN WOF
- Nausea - Anorexia - Visual Disturbance - Diarrhea - Abdominal cramps
76
**HEART FAILURE:** DIGOXIN ANTIDOTE
DIGIBIND
77
**HEART FAILURE:** Nursing Responsibilities
- Monitor IO - Record daily weight > same time, clothes and scale - administer diuretics
78
An autoimmune disease that has generalized vasculitis and it is called as acute febrile syndrome
KAWASAKI’S DISEASE
79
**KAWASAKI:** S/SX
- Fever for 5 days - eyes w/o exudates - lips > edema; peeling - **strawberry tongue - lymphadenopathy - trunk - rashes - palms/soles - red, edema, peeling - blood test - increased uric and platelet
80
**KAWASAKI:** MANAGEMENT
- IV Ig Stat (w/in 7-10 days) - Aspirin for fever and thrombus formation - Echocardiogram - Vaccine must be delayed
81
inflammation of the stomach and intestine which is caused by an infection that leads to vomiting and diarrhea
Acute Gastroenteritis
82
type of infection in AGE
Viral Infection (self-limiting)
83
**AGE:** SIGNS of Dehydration
- Fontanelle sunken - eyes sunken - poor skin turgor (< 1 sec; abdomen)
84
**AGE:** Management of vomiting (Alkalosis)
- SFF - ORS - Antiemetic - Pedialyte - IVF D5NS (if severe)
85
**AGE:** Management of Diarrhea (Acidosis)
- ORS - IVF D5NS - IV Ca - IV K (diluted, incorporated, infused slowly) **Ensure if voided**
86
Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter valve
Pyloric stenosis
87
**PYLORIC STENOSIS:** S/SX
- vomiting immediately after feeding - projectile vomiting - dehydration - olive-shaped lump - no bile in vomitus - sour smelling vomitus
88
**PYLORIC STENOSIS:** MANAGEMENT
PYLOROMYOTOMY - widen the lumen
89
**PYLORIC STENOSIS:** POST OP
1. NPO w/ pacifier 2. IVF 3. 4-6 hrs: ORS na 4. ORS + milk 5. milk position: right SL report: vomiting normal: diarrhea dumping syndrome
90
An idiopathic disease in which distal part of the ileum invaginated the proximal colon
Intussusception
91
**INTUSSUSCEPTION:** S/Sx
- severe pain - distended abdomen - reappearing pain - red currant jelly stool/ bloody mucoid stool
92
**INTUSSUSCEPTION:** MANAGEMENT
Surgical emergency: 1. Instillation - Water Soluble Enema - Air Insufflation - Barium Enema 2. Delayed Repeated Enema (24hrs monitor) 3. Reduction Surgery
93
Characterized as a distended sigmoid colon with the absence of muscle curvatures of the ganglions
Hirschsprung Disease
94
Characterized as a distended sigmoid colon with the absence of muscle curvatures of the ganglions
Hirschsprung Disease
95
**Hirschsprung disease:** S/Sx
- Megacolon - aganglionic - ribbon- like stools - chronic constipation
96
**Hirschsprung disease:** Diagnostics
- rectal exam - balloon catheter - anorectal - manometry - barium enema w/ contrast w/ caution - Biopsy
97
**Hirschsprung disease:** Diagnostics
- rectal exam - balloon catheter - anorectal - manometry - barium enema w/ contrast w/ caution - Biopsy
98
**Hirschsprung disease:** Management:
Pull through operation 1. temporary colostomy 2. 12-16 months: Bowel repair 3. Permanent Colostomy
99
Increase in size of a structure orderly and predictable, but not even; it follows a cyclical pattern
Growth
100
Maturation of physiologic and psychosocial systems to more complex state. Qualitative
Development
101
Development or evolution of a species or group
Phylogeny
102
Development of an individual within a species
Ontogeny
103
growth and development is an ongoing process from conception to death Orderly
Continuous Process
104
follows a predictable sequence of growth and development
Orderly Sequence
105
head to toe
Cephalocaudal
106
trunk to periphery
Proximo-distal
107
simple to complex motor skills
Gross to Refined Skills
108
development occurs over a period rather than a certain point of time depending on the child's ability.
Different Rates
109
Normally disappears eventually; indicates development and maturation of nervous system
Absent Neonatal Reflexes
110
behavior and skill are learned by practice
Practice
111
PIAGET'S THEORY
COGNITIVE THEORY
112
Cognitive theory 2, 4, 7, 11, 15 Sensorimotor: Pre conceptual: Intuitive: Concrete operations: Formal operations:
Sensorimotor: ACTS, REFLEXES Pre conceptual: EGOCENTRIC, SYMBOLS, MAGICAL THINKING Intuitive: CAUSATION Concrete operations: INDUCTIVE Formal operations: ABSTRACT/DEDUCTIVE

Rn 2024 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions