PERIOPERATIVE NURSING Flashcards by MARIKINA B1 - CARRACEDO, RYAN MIGUEL T.

Q

Nursing care provided in the total SURGICAL experience of the Patient

A

Perioperative nursing

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Q

ZONES in the OR
- outside the OR complex
- hospital lobby

A

Outer zoens (non restricted Sub a)

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Q

ZONES in the OR
- interchange
- dressing rooms

A

Outer Zones (non restricted sub B)

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Q

ZONES in the OR
- Holding Area
- Storage Room
- Scrubbing Area
- PACU

A

CLEAN ZONE (Semi Restricted Zone)

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Q

ZONES in the OR
- OR room
- Storage area w/ sterile supplies
- open sterile package

A

Restricted Zone (Sterile)

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Q

ZONES in the OR
- close to the exit doors

A

Disposal Zone

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Q

Pathologic Process
- wearing of surface

A

Erosion

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Q

Pathologic Process
- Impairment of vital fluids

A

Obstruction

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Q

Pathologic Process
- Abnormal new growth

A

Tumor

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Q

Pathologic Process
- rupture
ex. due to abdominal alterations

A

Perforation

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY PURPOSE

To make a diagnosis
ex. Biopsy

A

Diagnostic

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY PURPOSE

Extensive way to diagnose
manual or with cameras
expensive
ex. Ex-Lap

A

Exploratory

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY PURPOSE

Relieve of burden
give comfort
last treatment modalities
ex. Amputation

A

Palliative

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY PURPOSE

Treatment of disease
ex. Angioplasty

A

Curative

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY PURPOSE

TYPES of CURATIVE:
- Removal of Organ
- -ectomy

A

Ablative

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY PURPOSE

TYPES of CURATIVE:
- Repair of organ (Congenital)

A

Constructive

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY PURPOSE

TYPES of CURATIVE:
- Repair of organ (Damaged)

A

Reconstructive

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY PURPOSE
- Beautification
- correction of defect

A

Cosmetic surgery

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY URGENCY

Save life
w/o delay
ex. gunshot wounds, Stab wounds

A

EMERGENT

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY URGENCY

can be delayed up to 24-30 hours

A

Urgent

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY URGENCY

planned surgeries
it will not cause harm if surgery is not performed

A

Elective

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY URGENCY
- few weeks to months
ex. thyroid surgeries

A

Required

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY URGENCY
- patient decision
ex. Cosmetic surgeries

A

Optional

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Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY DEGREE OF RISK

not prolonged
local anesthesia
minor bleeding

A

Minor Surgeries

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**CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY DEGREE OF RISK** - Prolonged (more than 2hrs) - local or general anesthesia - >< 300 ml of blood

Major Surgeries

**CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY EXTENT:** - only affected area is involved

Simple

**CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY EXTENT:** - (+) extension beyond surgery

Radical

**CLASSIFICATION OF SURGERY BY DEGREE OF RISK** If minor becomes radical it will be considered as?

MAJOR

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** - Patient is admitted up to endorsement in the OR

Preoperative Phase

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** PREOPERATIVE What is obtained by the MD given by the patient and witnessed by the nurse

Consent

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** PREOPERATIVE how many hours atleast for the patient to fast before a surgery

Atleast 8 hours

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** PREOPERATIVE How many days should the patient be bowel prep before the surgery

3 days

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** PREOPERATIVE Why nail polish is removed before a surgery?

Pulse Ox Accuracy

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** PREOPERATIVE Why jewelries and underwear are removed before a surgery?

To maintain sterility

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** PREOPERATIVE If the patient had this, it should be remove to prevent possible aspiration of the object

Dentures

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** - the patient is endorsed to OR up to being enrolled in the PACU

IntraOperative Phase

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** INTRAOPERATIVE Members of the OR team

- Surgeons - Assist Surgeons - Anesthesiologist - Scrub Nurse - Circulating Nurse

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** INTRAOPERATIVE - The one in-charge of the overall sterile area - handling of instruments

SCRUB NURSE

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** INTRAOPERATIVE - Coordinates transaction inside the OR - Responsible for counting instruments - the gives the go signal before starting the closing

CIRCULATING NURSE

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** INTRAOPERATIVE Scrub nurse’s responsibility after surgery

Cleaning of instruments

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** Patient enrolled in pacu up to stepping down in the Ward

POST OPERATIVE PHASE

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY Caused by paralysis of vasomotor nerve and volume loss due to dhn or bleeding

Hypotension

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY Rapid movement of CSF from the brain to the spinal cord vice versa

Spinal Headache

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY - Break in the aseptic technique - signs of fever, foul smelling discharges, swelling

Wound infection

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY Disruption in phases of healing

Wound healing problem

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY WOUND HEALING PROBLEM: - Partial or total loss wound edges caused by poor surgical closure, inc. intra abdominal pressure

Wound dehiscence

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY WOUND HEALING PROBLEM: - uncontrolled evisseration manifested by seroussangenous discharge

Evisseration

**PHASES OF PERIOPERATIVE NURSING** POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY: Prevention of dehiscence or evisseration

- Control activities that inc. intra abdominal pressure such as vomiting, coughing and splinting - daily wound care - ambulation; if poor healing, bed rest

**DEFINITION OF ASEPSIS** - clean technique - freedom fr most pathogen - prevention of transmission

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

**DEFINITION OF ASEPSIS** - Sterile technique - freedom to all pathogen - prevention of entry of microorganisms

SURGICAL ASEPSIS

**CLASSIFICATION OF BASIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS** Used to hold tissue or organs together; also obstructs blood vessels ex. Forceps

Clamping or Hemostats

**CLASSIFICATION OF BASIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS** used to open or hold body cavity for a better vision ex. Army navy, richardsons

Retracting Instruments

**CLASSIFICATION OF BASIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS** Used to cut muscles and tissues ex. Mayo scissors, Metz

Cutting/dissecting Instruments

**CLASSIFICATION OF BASIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS** used to hold tissues together w/ a needle in surgical closing and also ligates blood vessels types: Sutures Ligatures

Suturing Instruments

**CLASSIFICATION OF BASIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS** TYPES OF SUTURES - comes from environment - silk - (+) for allergic reaction due to latex content - absorbable

NATURAL MADE SUTURES

**CLASSIFICATION OF BASIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS** TYPES OF SUTURES - Fine materials - lesser reactions - non absorbable - returns in hospi in 7-10 days for removal of sutures

SYNTHETIC MADE SUTURES

**TYPES OF ANESTHESIA** It blocks the nerve impulses - no sensory - no motor - no ans - can be topical or IV, SubQ

LOCAL ANETHESIA

**TYPES OF ANESTHESIA** - it produces a. total loss of consciousness resulting to certain conditions: - Amnesia - analgesic - hypnosia - seizures

GENERAL ANESTHESIA

**TYPES OF ANESTHESIA** infiltrating a peripheral nerve with an anesthetic agent and blocking transmission to avoid or relieve pain. - numbs a greater portion of the body (abdomen downward)

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA

**TYPES OF ANESTHESIA** REGIONAL ANESTHESIA: - injected in the subarachnoid area - numbs lower abdominal area, lower extremities - used in abdominal surgeries - may progress in to general anes

SPINAL ANESTHESIA

**TYPES OF ANESTHESIA** REGIONAL ANESTHESIA: - introduced in the epidural area - used in labor and delivery

EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA

**TYPES OF ANESTHESIA** REGIONAL ANESTHESIA: - introduced in the epidural area - used in labor and delivery

EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA