neuro Flashcards
(62 cards)
system controlling circadian cycle
preoptic area: anterior hypothalamus, contain GABA (primary neurotransmitter for brain)
what does adenosine do and what blocks it
makes as sleepy, caffeine blocks receptors
REM sleep what happens and what reduces it
- rapid eye movement back and forth
- where we have visual dreams
- further in = more rem
- alcohol reduces, so does age
trigger for REM
pons sends acetylcholine neuron to occipital lobe + visual cortex and also inhibit motor neurons to paralyse everything except eyes
brain primary reward pathway
medial forebrain bundle, dopamine fibres – Olds + Milner accidentally stick a probe in rat’s MFB and got super excited, rats would learn anything to get electrical stimulation
lateralisation + hemispheric lateralisation
localisation of function on one side of body in preference to other
* vision: right half of vision received by left vice versa
hemispheric dominance
hand-preference
language lateralised towards left hemisphere: EVIDENCE = language difficulty common after stroke in left hemisphere, no right
what does dichotic listening task show about language lateralisation
hear a diff voice in each ear, follow which is saying real/fake words –> people better at it when hearing voice in right ear than left
aphasia + cause
language disorder difficult to speak, read, write, caused by damage/blockage in blood vessels usually left side of head
two forms of aphasia
- expresssive/non-fluent aphasia = understand but not produce language, cause = damage to broca’s area
- receptive aphasia - can produce nonsensical language, cannot understand, cause = damage to wernicke’s area
what did roger sperry show in split-brain patients
- patient could name an object put in right hand but not if in left
- naming words flashed on left v right side of screen –> they’ll name the word on the right bc right hemisphere can’t articulate
damage to hippocampus causes what syndrome
amnesia
Brenda Milner show about hippocampis through studies w HM?
hippocampus is not where memories are stored but instrumental the their formation –> HM’s alder memories (no hippocampus) were kept, can’t learn anything new
Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome
severe vitamin B1 deficiency in chronic alcoholics, confusion disordered gait + eye movements
neurological changes accompanying alzheimer’s disease
progressive degenerative disease - loss of information + memories, then procedural skills
* very LARGE VENTRICLES because of shirnking brain tissue
differentiate sensory and motor
sensory = inpouit to brain, morot = brain to muscles + glands
autonomic in charge of..
feed fight flight fuck
autonomic divided into…
sympathetic (fight/flight), parasympathetic (slow down)
meninges
DAP Me(ninges) up
wraps around spinal cord _ ugly bugly bulgy brain goop
Dura mater - outer, tough
Arachnoid mater - web-like, filled w cerebrospinal fluid
Pia mater - thin, fragile
blood brain barrier
blood vessels supplying blood to CNS have special walls restricting entry of many chems into CNS
what are ventricles
holes filled w fluid, SEWERAGE SYSTEM - goes into tissue walls then wheeeee by cerebrospinal fluid
brainstem function
literally everything vital - breathing, blood pressure, autonomic NS
cerebellum function
BALANCE , precision movement, speech moving things around to talk
thalamus
relay station - sensory relay touch, pain, balance, visual, SMELL DOESN’T GO THROUGH HERE , consciousness + attention/memory
