Neuro

Question 0

What is brain made up of?

Answer 0

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brainstem

Question 1

Brain what protects it?

Answer 1

Protected by meninges, CSF, and skull.

Question 2

Prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe:

Answer 2

It's me as I know it: 
Intellect
Complex learning
Judgement
Reasoning
Concern 
Creation of abstract ideas

Question 3

Parietal lobe:

Answer 3

Responsible for sensation and somatostimuli:
Temp.
Pain
Shapes
Two-point discrimination

Question 4

Occipital lobe:

Answer 4

Visual cortex

Receives stimuli from the retina and interprets that in relation to past experiences.

Question 5

Temporal lobe:

Answer 5

• Auditory stimuli impulses from the cochlea are transmitted here and interpreted regarding pitch, rhythm, loudness, and perception
• Olfactory cortex is also here and transmits impulses regarding smells.

Question 6

Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

Answer 6

Gateway to cerebral cortex- all input is channeled through here. 
• hypothalamus: 
BP
HR
Force of heart contraction
Digestive motility
Resp. Rate and depth
Pain, pleasure, fear. Temp. Food intake, water balance, sleep cycles.

Question 7

Epithalamus:

Answer 7

Helps control moods and sleep cycles

Contains choroid plexus where CSF is formed.

Question 8

Cerebellum:

Answer 8

Coordinates skeletal muscle movements and maintains equilibrium and muscle tone.

Question 9

Brainstem:

Answer 9

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
10 of 12 cranial nerves originate in Brainstem 
Connects upper and lower
•autonomic control center:
Resp.
Vomiting
Hiccuping
Swallowing
Coughing
Sneezing

Question 10

Spinal cord

Answer 10

Continuation of medulla oblongata

Ascending and descending pathways

Question 11

Nerves 1

Answer 11

Olfactory: smell

Question 12

Nerve 2

Answer 12

Optic: vision

Question 13

Nerve 3

Answer 13

Oculomotor: pupillary reflex, extrinsic muscle movement

Question 14

Nerve 4

Answer 14

Trochlear: eye muscle movement

Question 15

Nerve v

Answer 15

Trigeminal:
•ophthalmic branch- scalp, upper eyelid, nose, cornea, lacrimal gland.
•maxillary branch
•mandibular

Question 16

Nerve 6

Answer 16

Abducens:

Extrinsic muscle movement of eye.

Question 17

Nerve 7

Answer 17

Facial:
Taste (anterior)
Facial movements
Prod. Of tears 
Salivary stim.

Question 18

Nerve 8

Answer 18

Vestibulocochlear:
Sense of balance
Sense of hearing

Question 19

Nerve 9

Answer 19

Glossopharyngeal:
Gag and swallowing reflex
Taste (posterior)

Question 20

Nerve 10

Answer 20

Vagus:

Throat and mouth for swallowing and talking

Question 21

Nerve 11

Answer 21

Accessory:

Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 22

Nerve 12

Answer 22

Hypoglossal:
Movement of tongue
Movement of food during chewing
Speech

Question 23

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 23

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral

Question 24

Decerebrate

Answer 24

Rigid extension | Lesions ABOVE brain stem

Question 25

Decorticate:

Answer 25

Rigid flexion | Lesion OF Brainstem

Question 26

Arousal or alertness depends on what system.

Answer 26

RAS (reticular activating system)

Question 27

Seizure disorder: | Plan of care

Answer 27

``` Airway patency Safety Admin. Meds Emotional support Treat underlying cause ```

Question 28

Status epilepticus

Answer 28

``` Continuous seizure that lasts more than 30 minutes or person does not regain consciousness during a series of seizures. Tx: Airway Suction at bedside Oxygen VS and circulation Neuro assessment IV Safety Thermoregulation Admin. Meds ```

Question 29

ICP plan of care

Answer 29

``` Sustained elevated pressure 10mm Hg or higher. Tx: Airway Neuro IICP monitor Ventilator monitor Pads bed rails ABG Elevate HOB 30 degrees Fluid and electrolytes Bladder distention/constipation Emotional support Reduce stimuli (cough, sneeze, vagal) Treat underlying cause Surgery may be performed ```

Question 30

Processes occurring in brain that directly alter LOC

Answer 30

``` IICP Cerebral infarction Hematoma Intracranial hemorrhage Tumors Infections Injury from excitatory amino acids Demyelination disorders ```

Question 31

Glasgow coma scale

Answer 31

``` 4 eye opening 5 verbal response 6 motor response Max 15 Min3 ```

Question 32

Aphasia

Answer 32

Damage in Left cerebral cortex | Defective or absent language function

Question 33

Dysphonia

Answer 33

Change in tone of voice common in clients who have had strokes Paralysis of vocal cords (nerve X)

Question 34

Dysarthria (difficulty speaking)

Answer 34

Lesions on upper and lower motor neurons of cerebellum and extrapyramidal tract.

Question 35

Nystagmus:

Answer 35

Involuntary eye movement

Question 36

Reflexes tested in infants:

Answer 36

``` Rooting- stroke side of face Sucking- place finger in mouth Tonic neck- turn head to one side Palmar grasp- finger in infant palm Stepping- hold infant close to surface Moro- present loud noise. Most disappear within 4-6 mo of age. ```

Question 37

Children reflex:

Answer 37

* Present as game if possible * Babinski abnormal after 2 * Under 5 use DD ST 11 * Ability to understand and follow directions * signs of short attention or hyperactivity * by 2 should walk backward * by 4 balance on one foot for 5 sec. * by 5 heel-toe walk * By 6 heel-toe walk backward * over 3 use Romberg

Question 38

Frontal:

Answer 38

``` •Voluntary skeletal movement •speech •emotions •intellectual activities --prefrontal: intellect complex learning judgement concern for others creation of abstract ideas. ```

Question 39

Moving IICP patient

Answer 39

Log roll that foo

Question 40

Dilantin

Answer 40

``` Filter 50 mg/min Monitor calcium Monitor liver function Taper off Dilute with Normal saline Don't take with antacids Maintain good oral hygiene Use additional nonhormone contraceptive Don't use hand for IV insertion ```

Question 41

Epilepticus status:

Answer 41

Airway 50% glucose Pams