Neuro-3 Flashcards
(32 cards)
1
Q
CSF
A
Surrounds and bathes the surfaces of the CNS
-
Buoyancy
- cushions neural tissue
-
Protection
- Supports the brain
- Brain floats in fluid filled container
-
Homeostasis
- Transports nutrients (glucose, oxygen), chemical messengers, and waste products(CO2)-chemical stability
2
Q
Location of ventricles
A
- Lateral:
- within cerebral hemispheres
- Third
- b/w L & R diencephalon
- 4th
- B/w pons/medulla and cerebellum
3
Q
Interventricular Foramen
A
- Foramen of Monro
- Frontal/Anterior Horn of Lateral ventricle –> 3rd Ventricle
4
Q
Cerebral Aqueduct
A
- 3rd Ventricle to 4th Ventricle
5
Q
Choroid Plexus
A
- Spongy mass of capillaries surrounded by ependymal cells
- Produces CSF
- Found in the:
- floors of the lateral ventricles
- Roof of the 3rd ventricle
- Roof of the 4th ventricle
- extend btween the cerebellum and pons
- Contain ependymal cells
6
Q
Ependymal cells
A
- Found in choroid plexus
- Joined together by tight junctions and have ion pumps-controls the composition of the CSF by active transport
- Form blood-CSF barrier
- prevents neural tissues from being exposed to blood
- Controls what comes in and our of the blood
*
7
Q
Meninges of the brain
A
- Skull
- Dura Mater (endosteal layer)
- Dural Sinus
- Dura Mater (meningeal layer)
- Subdural Sinus
- Arachnoid membrane
- Arachnoid Trabeculae in Subarachnoid Space
- Pia Mater
- bound to the surface of the brain by astrocytes (BBB-protect the brain)
8
Q
Hydrocephalus
A
- excess CSF builds up within the ventricles of the brain
- increase P
- Caused by:
- Obstruction
- Excess CSF production
- Decreased reabsorption in the venous system
- Symptoms in infants
- larger than normal head size
- vomiting
- irritability
- sleepiness
- Impact:
- Learning difficulties
- Bad behavior
- Poor Motivation
- Vision Problems
- coordination
- organizational skills
- language
9
Q
Lumbar Puncture
A
L4/5
aka Spinal Tap
10
Q
Blood supply to the brain:
A
2 sources:
- Internal Carotid Artery
- supplies 80% of brain
- Vertebral Artery
- supplies 20% of the brain
11
Q
Internal Carotid Artery
A
- arise where the comon carotid arteries bifurcate
- supplies 80% of blood to the brain
- branc to form the 2 major cerebral arteries:
- anterior cerebral artery
- Middle cerebral artery
12
Q
Vertebral Artery
A
- Blood supply to posterior brain
- Branch of subclavian
- Ascends through foramina of transverse processes
- rostral 6 cervical vertebral
- Foramen Magnum
- Posterior Cranial Fossa
- Supplies:
- Ventral Surface of the Medulla
- Pons
- Supplies 20% of the brain
13
Q
Vertebral Artery Branches:
A
- PICA
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- ASA
- Anterior Spinal Artery
- PSA
- Posterior Spinal Artery
- MA
- Medullary Arteries
14
Q
PICA
A
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- Biggest Branch of vertebral Artery
- supplies the:
- Cerebellum (inferior and posterior)
- Medulla
15
Q
ASA
A
- Anterior Spinal Artery
- Branch of Vertebral Artery
- Supplies:
- Anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
16
Q
PSA
A
- Posterior Spinal Artery
- Branch of Vertebral Artery
- Supplies:
- posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
17
Q
MA
A
- Medullary Arteries:
- branch of vertebral artery
- Distributed to different parts of medulla
18
Q
Vertebral Artery Occlusion symptoms
A
- symptoms of Cerebellar or medullary dysfunction
19
Q
Basilar Artery Branches
A
- AICA
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- PA
- Pontine Arteries
- SCA
- Superior Cerebellar Artery
- PCA
- Posterior cerebral artery
20
Q
Blood Supply to Posterior Brain
A
- Vertebral Artery
- PICA
- ASA
PSA - MA
- Basilar Artery
- AICA
- PA
SCA
PCA
21
Q
AICA
A
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- Branch of Basilar Artery
- supplies:
- Cerebellum (anterior and inferior)
- Pons (part)
- Medulla (part)
22
Q
PA
A
- Pontine Arteries
- Branch of Basilar Artery
- Distributed to different parts of the pons
23
Q
SCA
A
- Superior Cerebellar Artery
- Branch of basilar artery
- Supplies:
- Cerebellum (superior)
- Pons
24
Q
PCA
A
- Posterior cerebral artery
- Branch of basilar Artery
- Supplies: Lateral &. MEdial of Anterior Brain
- Temporal Lobes (inferolateral and medial)
- Occipital lobe (lateral and medial)
- Primary Visual cortex
- Part:
- thalamus
- lentiform nucleus
- midbrain
- medial geniculate body
25
ACA
* Anterior Cerebral Artery
* Branch of internal carotid artery
* Supplies: (Medial of Anterior Brain)
* Medial Surface of cerebral hemispheres
* Frontal Lobe (Anterior/superior)
* primary motor cortex
* Parietal lobe (Anterior/superior)
* primary somatosensory cortex
* Basal Ganglia (anterior)
* Internal Capsule (anterior)
* Corpus Callosum (Anterior)
26
MCA
* Middle Cerebral Artery
* Branch of internal carotid artery
* Supplies: Lateral of Anterior Brain
* Cerebral hemispheres (lateral)
* Frontal lobe
* Brocas
* Primary Motor Cortex
* Parietal Lobe
* Primary somatosensory cortex
* Superolateral temporal lobe
* Wernickes area
* Posterior Limb of internal capsule
* Basal ganglia (part)
27
Blood supply to the anterior brain
* Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
* Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
* Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
* Opthalmic artery
* Posterior Communicating Artery
* Anterior Choroidal artery
28
Opthalmic artery
* supply anterior brain
* enters orbit through the optic canal
* supplies
* eye
* retina (Neural element)
* optic nerve (neural element)
29
Anterior Choroidal Artery
* Terminates in the choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
30
What contributes to the circle of willis?
* Internal carotid
* Vertebral arteries
* Anterior Communicating artery
* Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
* Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
* Posterior Communicating Artery
* Posterior Cerebral artery (PCA)
* Basilar Artery
31
Ischemia
* Decreased Oxygen supply to tissues and/or tissue having increased oxygen demand
32
Anterior Cerebral Artery: Occlusion
* Supplies Medial Primary motor and somatosensory cortex
* Contralateral loss of sensation and motor control of LE
