Flashcards in Neuro-3 Deck (32)
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1
CSF
Surrounds and bathes the surfaces of the CNS
-
Buoyancy
- cushions neural tissue
-
Protection
- Supports the brain
- Brain floats in fluid filled container
-
Homeostasis
- Transports nutrients (glucose, oxygen), chemical messengers, and waste products(CO2)-chemical stability
2
Location of ventricles
- Lateral:
- within cerebral hemispheres
- Third
- b/w L & R diencephalon
- 4th
- B/w pons/medulla and cerebellum
- within cerebral hemispheres
- b/w L & R diencephalon
- B/w pons/medulla and cerebellum
3
Interventricular Foramen
- Foramen of Monro
- Frontal/Anterior Horn of Lateral ventricle --> 3rd Ventricle
4
Cerebral Aqueduct
- 3rd Ventricle to 4th Ventricle
5
Choroid Plexus
- Spongy mass of capillaries surrounded by ependymal cells
- Produces CSF
- Found in the:
- floors of the lateral ventricles
- Roof of the 3rd ventricle
- Roof of the 4th ventricle
- extend btween the cerebellum and pons
- Contain ependymal cells
- floors of the lateral ventricles
- Roof of the 3rd ventricle
- Roof of the 4th ventricle
- extend btween the cerebellum and pons
6
Ependymal cells
- Found in choroid plexus
- Joined together by tight junctions and have ion pumps-controls the composition of the CSF by active transport
- Form blood-CSF barrier
- prevents neural tissues from being exposed to blood
- Controls what comes in and our of the blood
-
- prevents neural tissues from being exposed to blood
7
Meninges of the brain
- Skull
- Dura Mater (endosteal layer)
- Dural Sinus
- Dura Mater (meningeal layer)
- Subdural Sinus
- Arachnoid membrane
- Arachnoid Trabeculae in Subarachnoid Space
- Pia Mater
- bound to the surface of the brain by astrocytes (BBB-protect the brain)
- Dural Sinus
- Subdural Sinus
- Arachnoid Trabeculae in Subarachnoid Space
- bound to the surface of the brain by astrocytes (BBB-protect the brain)
8
Hydrocephalus
- excess CSF builds up within the ventricles of the brain
- increase P
- Caused by:
- Obstruction
- Excess CSF production
- Decreased reabsorption in the venous system
- Symptoms in infants
- larger than normal head size
- vomiting
- irritability
- sleepiness
- Impact:
- Learning difficulties
- Bad behavior
- Poor Motivation
- Vision Problems
- coordination
- organizational skills
- language
- increase P
- Obstruction
- Excess CSF production
- Decreased reabsorption in the venous system
- larger than normal head size
- vomiting
- irritability
- sleepiness
- Learning difficulties
- Bad behavior
- Poor Motivation
- Vision Problems
- coordination
- organizational skills
- language
9
Lumbar Puncture
L4/5
aka Spinal Tap
10
Blood supply to the brain:
2 sources:
- Internal Carotid Artery
- supplies 80% of brain
- Vertebral Artery
- supplies 20% of the brain
11
Internal Carotid Artery
- arise where the comon carotid arteries bifurcate
- supplies 80% of blood to the brain
- branc to form the 2 major cerebral arteries:
- anterior cerebral artery
- Middle cerebral artery
- anterior cerebral artery
- Middle cerebral artery
12
Vertebral Artery
- Blood supply to posterior brain
- Branch of subclavian
- Ascends through foramina of transverse processes
- rostral 6 cervical vertebral
- Foramen Magnum
- Posterior Cranial Fossa
- Supplies:
- Ventral Surface of the Medulla
- Pons
- Supplies 20% of the brain
- Branch of subclavian
- Ascends through foramina of transverse processes
- rostral 6 cervical vertebral
- Foramen Magnum
- Posterior Cranial Fossa
- Ventral Surface of the Medulla
- Pons
13
Vertebral Artery Branches:
- PICA
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- ASA
- Anterior Spinal Artery
- PSA
- Posterior Spinal Artery
- MA
- Medullary Arteries
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- Anterior Spinal Artery
- Posterior Spinal Artery
- Medullary Arteries
14
PICA
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- Biggest Branch of vertebral Artery
- supplies the:
- Cerebellum (inferior and posterior)
- Medulla
- Cerebellum (inferior and posterior)
- Medulla
15
ASA
- Anterior Spinal Artery
- Branch of Vertebral Artery
- Supplies:
- Anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
- Anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
16
PSA
- Posterior Spinal Artery
- Branch of Vertebral Artery
- Supplies:
- posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
- posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
17
MA
- Medullary Arteries:
- branch of vertebral artery
- Distributed to different parts of medulla
18
Vertebral Artery Occlusion symptoms
- symptoms of Cerebellar or medullary dysfunction
19
Basilar Artery Branches
- AICA
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- PA
- Pontine Arteries
- SCA
- Superior Cerebellar Artery
- PCA
- Posterior cerebral artery
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- Pontine Arteries
- Superior Cerebellar Artery
- Posterior cerebral artery
20
Blood Supply to Posterior Brain
- Vertebral Artery
- PICA
- ASA
PSA
- MA
- Basilar Artery
- AICA
- PA
SCA
PCA
- PICA
- ASA
PSA - MA
- AICA
- PA
SCA
PCA
21
AICA
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- Branch of Basilar Artery
- supplies:
- Cerebellum (anterior and inferior)
- Pons (part)
- Medulla (part)
- Cerebellum (anterior and inferior)
- Pons (part)
- Medulla (part)
22
PA
- Pontine Arteries
- Branch of Basilar Artery
- Distributed to different parts of the pons
23
SCA
- Superior Cerebellar Artery
- Branch of basilar artery
- Supplies:
- Cerebellum (superior)
- Pons
- Cerebellum (superior)
- Pons
24
PCA
- Posterior cerebral artery
- Branch of basilar Artery
- Supplies: Lateral &. MEdial of Anterior Brain
- Temporal Lobes (inferolateral and medial)
- Occipital lobe (lateral and medial)
- Primary Visual cortex
- Part:
- thalamus
- lentiform nucleus
- midbrain
- medial geniculate body
- Temporal Lobes (inferolateral and medial)
- Occipital lobe (lateral and medial)
- Primary Visual cortex
- Part:
- thalamus
- lentiform nucleus
- midbrain
- medial geniculate body
25
ACA
- Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Branch of internal carotid artery
- Supplies: (Medial of Anterior Brain)
- Medial Surface of cerebral hemispheres
- Frontal Lobe (Anterior/superior)
- primary motor cortex
- Parietal lobe (Anterior/superior)
- primary somatosensory cortex
- Basal Ganglia (anterior)
- Internal Capsule (anterior)
- Corpus Callosum (Anterior)
- Medial Surface of cerebral hemispheres
- Frontal Lobe (Anterior/superior)
- primary motor cortex
- Parietal lobe (Anterior/superior)
- primary somatosensory cortex
- Basal Ganglia (anterior)
- Internal Capsule (anterior)
- Corpus Callosum (Anterior)
26
MCA
- Middle Cerebral Artery
- Branch of internal carotid artery
- Supplies: Lateral of Anterior Brain
- Cerebral hemispheres (lateral)
- Frontal lobe
- Brocas
- Primary Motor Cortex
- Parietal Lobe
- Primary somatosensory cortex
- Superolateral temporal lobe
- Wernickes area
- Posterior Limb of internal capsule
- Basal ganglia (part)
- Cerebral hemispheres (lateral)
- Frontal lobe
- Brocas
- Primary Motor Cortex
- Parietal Lobe
- Primary somatosensory cortex
- Superolateral temporal lobe
- Wernickes area
- Frontal lobe
- Posterior Limb of internal capsule
- Basal ganglia (part)
27
Blood supply to the anterior brain
- Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
- Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
- Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
- Opthalmic artery
- Posterior Communicating Artery
- Anterior Choroidal artery
28
Opthalmic artery
- supply anterior brain
- enters orbit through the optic canal
- supplies
- eye
- retina (Neural element)
- optic nerve (neural element)
- eye
- retina (Neural element)
- optic nerve (neural element)
29
Anterior Choroidal Artery
- Terminates in the choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
30
What contributes to the circle of willis?
