Neuro Flashcards
(50 cards)
Risk factors for migraines
Family hx ⬇️ education level ⬇️ socioeconomic status ⬆️ workload Frequent tension headaches
Etiology migraine
Complex series of neurovascular events initiates neuronal hyperexcitability in cerebral cortex
Complications of migraines
Seizures Ischemic stroke Asthma Depression Anxiety MI Raynauds syndrome IBS
Manifestations of migraines
Aura
Steady, throbbing pain synchronous w/ pulse
Dx of migraines
Patient hx
Tx migraines
NSAIDS ASA Caffeine Triptans (imitrex) Topiramate Coping techniques Eliminate triggering foods (chocolate, cheese, oranges, tomatoes, alcohol)
Causes of seizures
Acidosis Electrolyte imbalances Hypoglycemia Hypoxia Lupus HTN Alcohol/barbiturate withdrawal Dehydration Diabetes Septicemia
Etiology of seizures
Birth injury Infection Trauma Genetic factors Brain tumors Vascular disease
Manifestations of seizures
Cyanosis Excessive salivation Tongue/cheek biting Incontinence Muscle soreness Fatigue
Complications of seizures
Status epilepticus (most serious) Ventiliatory insufficiency Hypoxemia Cardiac dysrhythmias Hyperthermia Systemic acidosis
Dx seizures
Accuse/comprehensive description of seizures
H/P
EEG
CBC, serum chemistries, u/a, liver/kidney function
CT
MRI
Tx seizures
Antiseizure drugs
Surgery - anterior temporal lobe resection
Vagal nerve stimulation -done w/ meds when sx not option
Psychosocial counseling
MS
Chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder of the CNS characterized by disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord
Etiology of MS
Unknown
Risk factors for MS
Smoking Infection Physical injury Emotional stress Excessive fatigue Pregnancy Poor state of health
Manifestations of MS
Weakness/fatigue Paralysis of limbs,trunk, head Diplopia Scanning speech Spasticity of muscles Numbness/tingling Patchy blindness Blurred vision Chronic neuropathy pain Constipation
Dx of MS
Hx
Manifestations
MRI brain/spinal cord
CSF analysis
Tx MS
Drug therapy-interferon B, glatiramer
Exercise-water excercise
Interventions MS
Teach avoid sick ppl, cold/heat, fatigue
Diet high in roughage
Parkinson’s disease
Chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slowness in the initiation and execution of movement bradykinesia increased muscle tone, rigidity, tremor at rest, and gait disturbance
Etiology of Parkinson’s disease
Cause is unknown
Lack of dopamine
Lewy bodies- unusual clumps of protein are found in the brain
Manifestations of Parkinson’s disease
Tremor-usually the first sign Rigidity Bradykinesia Shuffling, propulsive gate Flexed arms Loss of postural reflexes "Pill rolling" Depression Fatigue Pain Constipation
Complications of Parkinson’s disease
Dyskinesias-spontaneous, involuntary movements Weakness Akinesia- total immobility Neurologic problems Neuropsychiatric problems Dysphasia Mal nutrition Aspiration Pneumonia Urinary tract infection Skin breakdown Orthostatic hypotension
Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
History
Clinical features; tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia
MRI
