Neuro 7

Question 1

Calculation for risk

Answer 1

number of diseased people/number of people at risk

Question 2

Brain hemorrhage caused by fracture to the temporal bone that has a lucid interval

Answer 2

epidural (between bone and dura)

tear of middle meningeal artery

Question 3

Brain hemorrhage that shows blood in basal cisterns on CT

Answer 3

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 4

Drug used in opioid overdose

Answer 4

Naloxone

Question 5

What opiate effects are mediated by the mu receptor

Answer 5

respiratory and cardiac depression
reduced GI motility
physical dependence
euphoria
sedation

Question 6

sensorineural hearing loss
tinnitus
paralysis of facial muscles
loss of corneal reflex

Answer 6

compression of CNV, VII, and VIII by acoustic neuromma and cerebellopontine angle

Question 7

Use of botulism toxin injection

Answer 7

focal dystonias, achalasia, and spasms

Question 8

Synaptophysin

Answer 8

protein that can be stained for in tumors of neuronal origin (rare in adults)

Question 9

Why does pentazocine cause withdrawl symptoms in patients who are addicted to opioids

Answer 9

partial agonist and weak antagonist activity at mu receptors

Question 10

Waerhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

Answer 10

Complication of meningococcemia
may involve adrenal gland destruction
DIC
shock

Question 11

genera sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 11

mandibular division of trigeminal

Question 12

taste innervation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 12

chorda tymapni branch of facial nerve

Question 13

Injury to visual pathways in the temporal lobe causes

Answer 13

contralateral superior quandrantanopia

Question 14

myotonia

Answer 14

abnormally slow relaxation of muscles

Question 15

myotonic muscular dystrophy

Answer 15

AD disorder
due to trinucleotide repeat on myotonia-protein kinase gene
Also- cataracts, frontal balding, gonadal atrophy

Question 16

MOA of benzodiazepines

Answer 16

increase frequency of opening of CNS GABAa receptor-chloride channels
have anti-convulsant, anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic, and muscle relaxant effects

Question 17

How is zolpidem different than benzodiazepines

Answer 17

short acting/rapid onset hypnotic

lower risk of tolerance and dependence

Question 18

Use of rifampin

Answer 18

chemoprophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis.

Question 19

Uses of valproic acid

Answer 19

anticonvulsant and mood stabalizer (prevents mania)

MOA: increases synthesis and decreases breakdown of GABA

Question 20

Three mood stabilizing agents

Answer 20

Lithium, valproic acid, and carbamazepine

Question 21

How do you diagnose tetanus toxicity

Answer 21

H&P

Question 22

Why can’t you take a MAOI and SSRI at the same time?

Answer 22

MAOIs irreversibly bind MAO, which degrades serotonin. If SSRI’s are started before more MAO can be generated, there will be extra serotonin around in the synapse -> serotonin syndrome

Question 23

Most common side effects of SSRIs

Answer 23

Sexual dysfunction

Question 24

List 4 TCAs

Answer 24

Imipramine, doxepin, amitryptyline, clomipramine

Question 25

AE of TCAs

Answer 25

Urinary retention cardiac arrhythmias seizures orthostatic HoTN

Question 26

Most common cause of aseptic meningitis

Answer 26

Enterovirus

Question 27

fever, malaise, aseptic meningitis then severe myalgias, asymmetric polymyositis unimmunized pt

Answer 27

polio

Question 28

CSF pattern in viral meningitis

Answer 28

glucose: normal protein: increased cells: lymphocytic pleocytosis

Question 29

neonatal intraventricular hemmorrhage into the lateral ventricles comes from what source

Answer 29

germinal matrix: vascularized sub ventricle area from which neurons and glial cells migrate out during development happens in premies

Question 30

Primidone is broken down into

Answer 30

phenobarbiol and PEMA | all three compounds have anti-convulsant activity

Question 31

What muscle disorder is seen in patients with temporal arteritis

Answer 31

polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 32

Sporadic encephalitis with temporal lobe involvement

Answer 32

HSV-1

Question 33

MOA and AE of carbamazepine

Answer 33

blocks voltage gated sodium channels | causes bone marrow supression

Question 34

Two diseases that cause oligodendrocyte depletion

Answer 34

MS and progressive multifocal leukoencephaloptahy

Question 35

Cardiac use of atropine

Answer 35

bradycardia

Question 36

Pancoast tumor

Answer 36

lung tumor that compresses superior sympathetic cervical ganglion. Can also cause ipsilateral compressive brachial plexopathy

Question 37

MOA of entacapone

Answer 37

Also, tolcapone | COMT inhibitor. Prevents peripheral methylation of L-DOPA, increases the amount available to go to the brain

Question 38

AE of buproprion

Answer 38

agitation, insomnia, seizures | NOT sexual dysfunction

Question 39

What is contained in a Nisseria meningitis vaccine

Answer 39

immunogenic capsular polysaccharides. Induces production of anti-capsular antibodies

Question 40

What property of methodone makes it a good substitute for heroin

Answer 40

long half life-> surpresses withdrawal symptoms

Question 41

Cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas are tumors of what cell type?

Answer 41

Schwann cells

Question 42

Abnormalities in first arch syndrome

Answer 42

malformation of mandible, maxilla, malleus, incus, sygoma, vomer, palate, and tempora bone Associated with trigeminal nerve

Question 43

Which side effects opiates do not develop tolerance

Answer 43

miosis and constipation