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Neuro Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Patchy demyelination around axons

A

Multiple sclerosis

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2
Q

Difficulty raising arms to hold child post C-section

A

High spinal anaesthetic

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3
Q

Optic neuritis

A

Multiple sclerosis

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4
Q

Blurred vision worsening with heat

A

Multiple sclerosis

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5
Q

30-year old woman with trigeminal neuralgia

A

Multiple sclerosis

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6
Q

Numbness progressing to weakness after a viral infection

A

Guillain-Barre

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7
Q

Lower limb and pelvic floor weakness + anosmia

A

ACA stroke

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8
Q

Dementia with occipital hypoperfusion

A

Lewy body dementia

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9
Q

B-amyloid peptide aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles

A

Alzheimer’s dementia

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10
Q

3Hz spike-and-wave pattern on EEG

A

Absence seizure

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11
Q

Seizure with high prolactin

A

Tonic-clonic

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12
Q

Jaw claudication

A

Temporal arteritis

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13
Q

Photosensitvity, N+V and aura

A

Migraine

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14
Q

Pill-rolling tremor/cogwheel/lead-pipe/shuffling gait/mask-like facies/small handwriting/soft voice

A

Parkinson’s

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15
Q

Inability to voluntarily look down

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy

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16
Q

Superior quadrantanopia

A

Temporal lobe lesion

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17
Q

Inferior quadrantanopia

A

Parietal lobe lesion

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18
Q

Triad of ataxia, incontinence and confusion

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

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19
Q

Triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and confusion

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency)

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20
Q

Triad of nystagmus, intention tremor and staccato/scanning speech

A

Charcot’s triad (MS)

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21
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

Meningitis (stiff neck)

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22
Q

Bilateral vestibular schwannoma

A

Type 2 neurofibromatosis

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23
Q

Purpuric rash in meningitis

A

Meningococcal sepsis (Neisseria meningitidis)

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24
Q

Xanthochromia

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

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25
Low uptake in basal ganglia on fludeoxyglucose PET scan
Parkinson's
26
Oligoclonal bands and IgG
MS
27
Chorea + dementia
Huntington's disease
28
Bitemporal hemianopia
Pituitary adenoma
29
Donald duck speech
Pseudobulbar palsy
30
Pupils that constrict to accommodation and not light
Argyll-Roberton pupils (syphilis, alcohol and diabetes)
31
Pseudopalisading (central necrotic)
Glioblastoma multiforme
32
Psammoma bodies, spindle cells
Meningioma
33
Chicken wire vascular appearance
Oligodendroglioma
34
Thunderclap headache
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
35
Biconvex collection on CT
Epidural haematoma
36
Headache associated with polymyalgia rheumatica
Temporal arteritis
37
S-100 stain
Schwannoma
38
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia in MS (due to MLF)
39
Leg and buttock pain relieved by leaning forward
Neurogenic claudication
40
Sudden severe occipital headache, neck stiffness, confusion and vomiting. Lesser episode 3 weeks prior.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
41
Polycystic kidney disease
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (Berry aneurysms)
42
Blurred vision + difficulty discriminating colours + pain on eye movement
Relative afferent pupillary defect (optic neuritis)
43
Impaired vision + objects look dull and indistinct + dull headache on the same side
Optic neuritis
44
Intermittent double vision and drooping eyelid worsening in the evenings
Fatiguable ptosis (myasthenia gravis)
45
Progressive right hemiparesis + tonic clonic seizure
Left frontal lobe tumour
46
Pleomorphic astrocytes with several areas of necrosis
GBM (ill-defined lesion expanding the entire corpus callosum, compressing the ventricles)
47
GFAP
GBM
48
Fluent aphasia, jargon speech, right homonymous hemianopia
Temporoparietal cortex stroke
49
Hearing loss + vertigo + tinnitus
Meniere's disease 3D's - deafness, dizziness and din
50
Hearing loss + vertigo + vesicular rash
Ramsay Hunt syndrome (type II)
51
Vertigo post-URTI
Vestibular neuronitis
52
Inability to sit still
Akathisia
53
Involuntary movements of face and jaw, long term antipsychotics
Tardive dyskinesia
54
Loss of pain and temperature in a cape-like distribution
Syringomyelia
55
Cafe au lait spots
Neurofibromatosis type I
56
Lisch nodules
Neurofibromatosis type I
57
Pes cavus
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
58
First management for temporal arteritis
Steroids (not temporal artery biopsy)
59
Pale optic discs
MS
60
Pallor and palpitations → blackout → flushing
Stokes-Adams attack
61
Social and sexual disinhibition
Frontal lobe lesion
62
Degeneration of the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)
Huntington's disease
63
CN most commonly affected in PCA stroke
Oculomotor (CN III)
64
Blurred vision, delayed visual evoked responses and normal fundoscopy
Retrobulbar neuritis
65
IE + stroke
Mycotic aneurysm
66
Panda/raccoon eyes
Basal skull fracture
67
Inverted champagne bottle legs
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
68
Ring-enhancing lesion in the brain
Abscess (toxoplasmosis) or malignancy
69
Panda eyes on CT brain
Toxoplasmosis
70
Common causes of peripheral neuropathy
DEBUT ``` Diabetes Ethanol B12 Uraemia Thyroid (hypo) ```
71
Best investigation for brain tumour
MRI
72
Brainstem stroke with constricted pupils
Pontine
73
Brainstem stroke with unresponsive mid-dilated pupil
Midbrain
74
Stroke with neuropathic pain
Thalamic
75
DRUG SE: most common SE of levodopa
Nausea
76
DRUG SE: gum hypertrophy and hirsutism
Phenytoin
77
DRUG: treatment of acute glaucoma
Acetazolamide
78
DRUG: control of vomiting in Parkinson's
Domperidone
79
DRUG: first line in absence seizures
Ethosuximide
80
DRUG: treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's
Clozapine
81
DRUG: trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
82
DRUG SE: antiemetic causing Parkinsonism
Prochlorperazine
83
DRUG SE: bipolar drug causing diabetes insipidus
Lithium
84
DRUG SE: migraine treatment causing dystonia
Metoclopramide
85
DRUG SE: headache and hypertension after evening meal
MAO inhibitor (cheese reaction)
86
DRUG SE: antiepileptic causing raised liver enzymes
Valproate
87
DRUG SE: acute pancreatitis
Valproate
88
DRUG: prevents relapses in MS
Interferon-B
89
DRUG SE: peripheral neuropathy (7)
FISH MAP ``` Fluoroquinolones Isoniazid Statins Heavy metals Metronidazole Amiodarone Phenytoin ```
90
DRUG SE: hyponatraemia
Antidepressants (SSRIs, tricyclics)

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